KARAKTERISASI UJARAN NEGATIF BERDAMPAK HUKUM DI INDONESIA: KAJIAN LINGUISTIK FORENSIK (CHARACTERIZATION OF NEGATIVE SPEECH WITH LEGAL IMPACT IN INDONESIA: FORENSIC LINGUISTIC STUDY)

Abstract

Abstract: The phenomenon of using negative language is currently very massive, both in face-to-face communication and communication through digital media. On the other hand, the use of negative language has caused many perpetrators to be caught in legal cases, especially articles on hate speech, defamation, and spreading false news. The public needs to receive education regarding the types/forms of utterances that can have legal implications. In this regard, this research was conducted with the aim of providing information on the linguistic characteristics of negative language with reference to violations of articles in the Criminal Code and the ITE Law. This research will characterize the forms of law violation using negative language and its linguistic characteristics. so that it can be used as a reference for the community to be more careful in using language. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The research data was taken from cases of using negative language in the police in the last 3 years in Aceh Province, DKI Jakarta Province, West Java Province, Central Java Province, East Kalimantan Province, and NTB Province. The research data was then analyzed to identify linguistic characteristics. The results showed that violations in the form of defamation and humiliation were the two most common violations, both in violations of the Criminal Code and the ITE Law. Hate speech in the form of insults and defamation is carried out by giving a bad reputation to someone/other party. The bad reputation is in the form of negative behavior and traits. This type of hate speech, when committed against women, is dominated by words related to negative sexuality, such as prostitutes, prostitutes, and selling themselves. Hate speech related to SARA is mostly done by attacking certain ethnicities and religions. The findings of this study are attacks on ethnic groups are mostly carried out by threats with physical action. On the other hand, hate speech on the basis of religion is carried out by attacking social, intellectual, and cultural aspects.