Effect of Heating Temperature on Wear Rate, Tensile Strength, and Crystallinity of Cantula Fiber-Reinforced Magnesium/Hydroxyapatite/ Shellac for Bone Screw Material
Zufar Maulana1,2, Joko Triyono3*, Wijang Wisnu Raharjo3
1 Laboratory of Material, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
2 Department of Material Engineering, Graduate Program, Insttitut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
3 Deparment of Mechanical Enginering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author’s email address: jokotriyono@staff.uns.ac.id
Abstract
Bone screws are screws for bone that are joined to support plates. Bone screws generally use metal as the main material because of its high mechanical properties, such as stainless steel and titanium. Currently, many biomaterials for bone screws are being developed which can be degraded by the body so that there is no need for surgical removal of bone plates and screws. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of heating temperature on tensile strength, wear rate, and crystallinity of the magnesium/nano HA/shellac/cantala fiber bio-composite. This study used magnesium, nano-hydroxyapatite, shellac, and cantala fiber materials mixed using a blender with a volume ratio of magnesium/nano-HA-shellac/cantala fiber of 50/20/30, then compacted with a pressure of 300 MPa for ten minutes. The heating process was carried out with variations in temperature of 100 °C, 120 °C, 140 °C and 160 °C for two hours. The results showed that the lowest wear rate was 0.72 x 10-3 mm3/Nm at a temperature variation of 160 °C. The highest tensile strength value was 6.58 MPa at 160 °C temperature variation. The highest degree of crystallinity 74.15% was obtained by observing X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was at a temperature variation of 160 °C.
Keywords: Biomaterial, Bone, Magnesium, Hydroxyapatite, Fiber
3D Digital Tomography Image Reconstruction to Determine the Dimensions of Discontinuities in the Material Using MATLAB
Muhamamd Farid Azri1, Iwan Istanto1*, Ismail Ismail1,2,Yuli Astriani1,3
1 Department of Electro Mechanic, Polytechnic Institute of Nuclear Technology, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2 Department of Nuclear Power Plans, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk Oblast, Russia
3 School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
*Corresponding Author’s email address: iwan.istanto@brin.go.id
Abstract
Acquiring more accurate information such as the existence of discontinuities on an object from 2D digital radiography images, a reconstructed to a 3D image using a tomography technique is needed. In this paper, an algorithm was developed to determine the discontinuity dimension. The object used in this study is made of gypsum which has three types of artificial discontinuities: a 4.80 mm iron ball, an 8.00 mm iron ball, and drill holes. The processes to get projection data consist of preprocessing to convert the images from red-green-blue to grayscale image format, segmentation to differentiate the object from the background using the Thresholding method and Active Contour Chan-Vese model, and morphological operations to visualize the image into 3D volumetric, followed by determining object dimensions, and subsequently the reconstruction results. The tomographic image reconstruction was constructed from 90 images irradiated by an x-ray machine using digital radiography with constant irradiation parameters and a 2° rotational angle increment interval from 0°-180°. The error results of 4.80 mm iron balls discontinuity are 1.5%, 8.00 mm iron balls are 4.1%, and drill holes are 7.05%. Moreover, Misclassified Area-Mutual Overlap (MMO) method is employed to test the segmentation results and resulted the MMO value of 78.23%.
Keywords: Digital radiography Discontinuity, Tomographic, Image reconstruction, Misclassified area-mutual overlap
Analyze The Effect of The Impeller Type on Bearing Rating Life
Fatchan Tsani Mubarok Al Islami1, Yasinta Sindy Pramesti1*
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Nusantara PGRI, Kediri, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author’s email address: yasitasindy@unpkediri.ac.id
Abstract
One of the important components of a balancing machine is the bearing, which is a crucial component that ensures stability, precision and efficiency in the balancing process. Although there was high quality bearings on the market, ongoing research was needed to ensure that balancing machine bearings could supplied specific needs of the industry and continued to improve their reliability and efficiency, the use of bearings specifically designed for balancing applications and of high quality is necessary to ensure optimal performance and accurate results. This study aims was to examine the impact of varying impeller types on balancing machine bearing life in commercial companies. This research adopts a quantitative causality method, through collecting data and samples during research, then analyzing using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method. Bearing life is measured using a sum by combining several factors. The results of the research revealed that from ANOVA analysis with an error percentage of 0.05, a significance value of 0.006 was obtained and F = 44.582, Ftable = 9.55, which means calculated F > Ftable so it can be concluded that the type of impeller was affected bearing life.
Keywords: Balancing machine, Balancing process, Bearing life, Impeller type
Recent Advancements in Ocean Current Turbine Blade Design: A Review of Geometrical Shape, Performance and Potential Development using CAE
Aprianur Fajri1*, Martin Jurkovič2, Enock Michael Kandimba3, Agus Lutanto1, Fajrul Falah1,4, Ristiyanto Adiputra5, Aditya Rio Prabowo4
1 Department of Manufacturing Engineering Technology, Akademi Inovasi Indonesia, Salatiga, Indonesia
2 Department of Water Transport, University of Žilina, Žilina, Slovakia
3 Department of Maritime Engineering, Dar es Salaam Ocean Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
4 Research Center for Hydrodynamics Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, BRIN, Surabaya, Indonesia
5 Department of Research and Development, P.T. DTECH Inovasi Indonesia, Salatiga, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author’s email address: aprianurfajri@inovasi.ac.id
Abstract
The global energy demand is experiencing a significant surge, reaching 442 exajoules in 2023. The urgency to develop renewable energy sources intensifies as global energy needs continue to escalate, coupled with the detrimental impact of fossil fuel consumption on climate change. Ocean current energy has emerged as a promising renewable energy source due to its predictability and minimal environmental impact. However, the efficiency and reliability of Ocean Current Turbines (OCTs) are highly dependent on the design and performance of their blades. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in ocean current and tidal current turbine blade design and the challenges and issues associated with their operation and maintenance. The paper discusses various design aspects, including blade geometry, material selection, hydrodynamic performance optimization, and bio-inspired designs. Additionally, it highlights the common failures and degradation mechanisms of turbine blades, such as fatigue, erosion, and cavitation. Furthermore, the review explores the challenges faced in developing and deploying OCTs, such as the need for improved blade durability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental compatibility.
Keywords: Ocean current, Tidal current, OCTs design, Extreme load, Failure
Design of Airscrew Propeller as an Alternative Main Propulsion for Wing in Surface Effect (WiSE) A2C Using the Simplified Method Approach
Cahyo Sasmito1*, Rutma Pujiwat2, Dany Hendrik Priatno1, Iskendar2, Muh Hisyam Khoirudin1, Dimas Bahtera Eskayudha3
1 Research Center for Hydrodynamics Technology (PRTH) – Research and Innovation Agency, Surabaya, Indonesia
2 Research Center for Transportation Technology (PRTT) – Research and Innovation Agency, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
3 Department of Transportation and Environmental System, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
*Corresponding Author’s email address: cahyo.sasmito@brin.go.id
Abstract
This study focused on developing an airscrew propeller as an alternative propulsion system for the Wing in Surface Effect (WiSE) A2C, employing a rigorous and systematic scientific approach. The design and calculation methodology were grounded in the "simplified method" introduced by Hovey. This technique has proven effective for preliminary propeller design despite its reliance on several assumptions and simplifications. This method balances practicality with empirical data, offering a straightforward framework for generating initial design parameters without extensive computational demands. Although the simplified method has limitations, such as its dependence on empirical observations and reduced computational precision, it remains effective for developing foundational design concepts. The study leveraged this approach to create a propeller design that aligns with the aerodynamic and performance requirements specific to the WiSE A2C. The resulting design features an airscrew propeller with an RAF-6 airfoil profile and a diameter of 685 mm. The RAF-6 profile was chosen for its favorable aerodynamic characteristics, including a high lift-to-drag ratio, which is crucial for optimizing propulsion efficiency. This tailored design ensures compatibility with the operational environment of the WiSE A2C, enhancing its overall performance and stability while meeting specific aerodynamic goals.
Keywords: Airscrew propeller, WiSE A2C, Simplified method
Water Pump Control System using Pulse Width Modulation Method
Based on Arduino Uno R3
Dani Usman1*, Dimas Surya Permana1
1 Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Universitas Islam DR. KHEZ Muttaqien, Purwakarta, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author’s email address: daniusman@unismu.ac.id
Abstract
The availability of sufficient energy must support the rapid development of technology. The availability of electrical energy is decreasing. The saving of energy is one of the ways to solve this problem. One of the uses of electricity in clean water pumps, where clean water is the basic necessity of human life, therefore control system and auxiliary equipment is needed that is able to supply water according to the capacity of the need. However, often the use of the pump is not proportional to the capacity of the needs and the pump is often operated continuously, so that electricity and water are wasted. In this research, the use of water pumps is controlled, the rotation of the pump drive motor can be adjusted so that the pump output is in accordance with the water consumption load. The speed of a Direct Current (DC) motor is determined by the voltage. The higher the voltage, the faster the rotation. The focus of this research is to optimize the power efficiency of DC water pumps by using the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) method to control the speed of the pump.
Keywords: Saving energy, Water pump, Control system, Pulse width modulation
Enhancing Ship Stability: A Comparative Analysis of Single and Double Chine Hull Configurations of Semi-Planning Hull at High Speed
Andi Abdullah Ghyferi1, Aldias Bahatmaka1*, Rizqi Fitri Naryanto1, Lee Sang Won2, Joung Hyung Cho3
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia
2 Department of Fluid, Research and Development, Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering, Geoje, South Korea
3 Interdisciplinary Program of Marine Design Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
*Corresponding Author’s email address: aldiasbahatmaka@mail.unnes.ac.id
Abstract
Ship stability could be considered one of the defining aspects of marine transport, as it directly influences the safety and performance of the ship. Past works have found hull geometry critical in the stability issue; however, the impact of various Chinese configurations under different operation scenarios is missing. This paper seeks to address this gap by studying the effects of Chinese single and double geometries on stability, primarily concerning trimming by stern angles in compliance with the High-Speed Craft (HSC) 2000. Annex 8: Monohull Intact Stability Criteria. Stability calculations using Maxsurf software were done concerning angles of the steady heel, the area under the righting levers (GZ) curve, maximum GZ, and initial transverse metacentric height (GMt). The study showed that both Chinese configurations conformed to the prescribed stability standards. Still, the double Chinese configuration showed better results in terms of stability at a 2-degree heel angle, with a GZ value of 1.692 and the highest GMt value in a steady state. Therefore, the research establishes enhanced stability benefits that the users stand to benefit from by adopting double chine configurations relative to single chine styles.
Keywords: Chine configurations, Planning hull, Maxsurf, Ship stability
An MR Damper Parametric Model with luz(...) Projection Function and Its Application in an Open-loop Force Tracking Control System
Raymundus Lullus Lambang Govinda Hidayat1*, Fitrian Imaduddin2,3, Budi Santoso2, Irianto4, Azma Putra5, Ubaidillah2
1 Doctoral Candidate in Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
2 Professor in Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
4 Department General Education, Faculty of Resilience, Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
5 School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
*Corresponding Author’s email address: lulus_l@staff.uns.ac.id
Abstract
This research discusses a parametric model with a luz(...) projection function for an outer bypass Magnetorheological (MR) damper with a meandering type valve and its application in an open-loop force tracking control system. This parametric model with the luz(…) projection function has been developed previously. The MR damper force can be controlled with open-loop force as a standard control strategy. Research on the performance of the MR damper model in open-loop control systems usually uses non-parametric models. Thus, the novelty of this research is that it uses a parametric model, i.e., the model of the luz(...) projection function as the model of the outer bypass MR damper with a meandering type valve. The proposed open-loop control system uses an inverse model that produces an electric current according to the desired force. The force tracking control scheme was realized with computer simulations using a state space approach. These simulation results show that the model with the luz(…) projection function can efficiently and accurately track the desired force in an open-loop force-tracking control system. The desired force is sinusoidal, square, and sawtooth waveform. Relative Error (RE) of 0.000, 0.0123, and 0.0563, respectively, are achieved.
Keywords: Force tracking control, MR damper, Model with luz(...) projection function, Open-loop
