Effect of Heating Temperature on Wear Rate, Tensile Strength, and Crystallinity of Cantula Fiber-Reinforced Magnesium/Hydroxyapatite/ Shellac for Bone Screw Material
Zufar Maulana1,2, Joko Triyono3*, Wijang Wisnu Raharjo3
1 Laboratory of Material, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
2 Department of Material Engineering, Graduate Program, Insttitut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
3 Deparment of Mechanical Enginering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author’s email address: jokotriyono@staff.uns.ac.id
Abstract
Bone screws are screws for bone that are joined to support plates. Bone screws generally use metal as the main material because of its high mechanical properties, such as stainless steel and titanium. Currently, many biomaterials for bone screws are being developed which can be degraded by the body so that there is no need for surgical removal of bone plates and screws. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of heating temperature on tensile strength, wear rate, and crystallinity of the magnesium/nano HA/shellac/cantala fiber bio-composite. This study used magnesium, nano-hydroxyapatite, shellac, and cantala fiber materials mixed using a blender with a volume ratio of magnesium/nano-HA-shellac/cantala fiber of 50/20/30, then compacted with a pressure of 300 MPa for ten minutes. The heating process was carried out with variations in temperature of 100 °C, 120 °C, 140 °C and 160 °C for two hours. The results showed that the lowest wear rate was 0.72 x 10-3 mm3/Nm at a temperature variation of 160 °C. The highest tensile strength value was 6.58 MPa at 160 °C temperature variation. The highest degree of crystallinity 74.15% was obtained by observing X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was at a temperature variation of 160 °C.
Keywords: Biomaterial, Bone, Magnesium, Hydroxyapatite, Fiber
Design of a Solar Power Plant System for Government Buildings in the Ibu Kota Nusantara of Indonesia Using HOMER Optimization
Mohd Afzanizam Mohd Rosli1 , Abram Anggit Mahadi2 , Catur Harsito3 , Singgih Dwi Prasetyo4*
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
2 Department of Mechanical Systems and Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
3 Department of Mechanical Computer Industrial and Management Engineering, Kangwoon National University, Samcheok South Korea
4 Power Plant Engineering Technology, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author’s email address: singgih.prasetyo.fv@um.ac.id
Abstract
Indonesia's social and political landscape necessitates a balanced distribution of development and a restructuring of its population and industries. In response, the government has relocated the capital from Jakarta to Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN) in East Kalimantan, aiming to alleviate the pressures on the central city. Given the region's abundant solar energy resources, this paper explores the potential for investing in solar energy systems within government buildings to align with the innovative city initiative. The study employs the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER) to evaluate the feasibility of the government's solar energy plan. This simulation tool analyzes investment costs, energy generation potential, and economic viability. The HOMER configuration includes solar panels, batteries, and an inverter integrated with the on-grid electrical system, tailored to meet government building requirements. Simulation results indicate that the proposed model can generate approximately 828,980 kWh annually, with a total energy consumption of around 643,257 kWh. The estimated investment cost is IDR 20,581,290,000, with a production cost of IDR 1,407.11 per kWh and a net payback period of about seven years. This analysis suggests that solar energy systems are well-positioned to thrive in IKN's emerging business environment.
Keywords: HOMER, Renewable energy, PLTS design, Cost analysis Indonesia
Implementation of Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic Systems in Educational Facilities at Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN)
Buruhan Haji Shame1 , Mohammed M. Haji2 , Singgih Dwi Prasetyo3*
1 The Ministry of Infrastructure, Communication and Transportation of Zanzibar, Zanzibar, Tanzania
2 College of Engineering and Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
3 Power Plant Engineering Technology, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author’s email address: singgih.prasetyo.fv@um.ac.id
Abstract
The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the feasibility and potential benefits of integrating solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems in educational institutions within the new capital. The Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) energy modeling software was utilized to achieve this, enabling a detailed analysis of the project's viability for investment over a specified timeframe. Key metrics such as Net Present Cost (NPC), Cost of Energy (COE), and Break-Even Point (BEP) were emphasized to assess the economic implications of the project. The findings of the research reveal that the rooftop solar PV system for schools in Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN) has NPC of IDR 15,865,110,000.00, COE of IDR 1,174.26 per kWh, and a BEP occurring in the sixteenth year, as indicated by the simulation results. These outcomes suggest that the rooftop solar PV project is not only a viable solution but also holds significant potential for development. Furthermore, it supports the overarching goals of the capital relocation program while promoting the adoption of renewable energy sources in Indonesia, thereby contributing to a more sustainable future for the nation.
Keywords: Renewable energy, Solar energy, HOMER, Techno-economic, IKN
Masonry Wall Performance Estimation Under Blast Loading: A Study Using Finite Element Analysis
Siti Nurlita Fitri1* , Muhammad Arif Husni Mubarok2 , Halim Hamadi3,4 , Quang Thang Do5 , Afiq Azfar Pratama6 , Rommy Rommy6
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
2 Department of Research and Development, P.T. Dimonitor Indonesia Sejahtera, Surakarta, Indonesia
3 Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk Oblast, Russia
4 Department of Electro Instrumentation, Polytechnic Institute of Nuclear Technology, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
5 Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Viet Nam
6 Research Center of Nuclear Materials and Radioactive Waste Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author’s email address: siti.nurlita.fitri.d4@s.gifu-u.ac.jp
Abstract
This paper studies the dynamic response of masonry wall structures under blast loading. It requires a detailed understanding of the explosion phenomenon, wave propagation, and the structure's response to these shocks. The blast load is applied to the surface of the masonry wall. The main focus is to evaluate the dynamic response of a masonry wall due to a blast load. We used the Finite Element Method (FEM) for modeling the dynamic structural response to explosions. The explicit finite element modeling and analysis are done using ABAQUS CAE software. In this study, the model uses materials, namely Masonry. Masonry could be a composite structure entrenched by blocks of bricks articulated by mortar joints. In this study, the properties of the material used are clay bricks masonry as orthotropic materials. The structural analysis carried out in this study is related to stress, strain, and deformation due to the given loading.
Keywords: Masonry wall, Blast load, Dynamic response, Finite element method
Mechanical Design and Prototype of Meatball Dough Grinder and Mixer Machine for Meat Processing in Indonesian Regions
Dandun Mahesa Prabowoputra1* , Adi Febrianto Setiawan2 , Enrico Chandra Ramadhana2 , Welsa Okta Onistia2 , Robi Sulaiman3 , Rokhmat Arifianto4 , Gagah Hari Prasetyo4
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purbalingga, Indonesia
2 Department of Research and Development, P.T. Dimonitor Indonesia Sejahtera, Surakarta, Indonesia
3 Research Center for Process and Manufacturing Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency – BRIN, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
4 Directorate of Laboratory Management, Research Facilities, and Science and Technology Areas, National Research and Innovation Agency – BRIN, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author’s email address: dandun.mahesa@unsoed.ac.id
Abstract
A Meatball Dough Grinding-Mixing (MDGM) machine is a device that transforms raw meat into meatball dough through a combination of grinding and mixing processes, similar to a food processor or blender. The MDGM machine features four sharp stainless-steel blades. The rotation of the blade is driven by an electric motor with a power rating of 1 HP, operating at an engine speed of 2800 rpm. This engine speed is then transmitted through a belt pulley transmission with a diameter ratio of 3:5. The belt moves the installed blade at a rate of 1600 rpm. This MDGM machine has a capacity of 6 kg in one process. In this MDGM machine, one shaft stands vertically. The shaft has a diameter of 15 mm and a length of 400 mm. Pegs on the shaft, with dimensions of 6 mm in height and 6 mm in width, hold the rotating pulley in place when the engine is operating.
Keywords: Meatball dough, Grinding-mixing, Machine components, Design-prototype, Mechanical calculation
Numerical Analysis of Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Response of Trimaran Semi-Submersible Ship
Musdika Bagas Satria Putrananda1 , Aldias Bahatmaka1* , Widya Aryadi1 , Berliana Ayarent Puteri1 , Christian Imanuel Hutagalung1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author’s email address: aldiasbahatmaka@mail.unnes.ac.id
Abstract
This study examines the motion response characteristics of a trimaran semisubmersible vessel, with a focus on its performance in tourism applications where passenger comfort is a primary concern. Using ANSYS AQWA simulation software, this analysis integrates diffraction and radiation theory with potential flow theory to evaluate the six degrees of freedom (surge, sway, heave, roll, pitch, and yaw) under various wave conditions, including different frequencies and directions based on the Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP) spectrum. Simulations were performed on waves with heading angles ranging from 0° to 180°. The simulation results were validated based on previous studies both experimentally and numerically. The results show that the sway peaks at 8 m/m for heading angles of 90°, while the surge reaches a maximum of 8 m/m at 0° and 180°. The heave motion resonates between 2.2 rad/s with a peak amplitude of 3 m/m at 90°. Pitch motion at heading angles of 0° reaches 40 °/m at 3.5-4 rad/s. Roll motion remained within acceptable limits (9 °/m), and yaw peaked at 13 °/m at 45° and 135°. These findings suggest that, although the trimaran exhibits stable performance in most motion responses, design improvements are necessary to mitigate excessive pitch motion and enhance passenger comfort in tourism applications.
Keywords: Trimaran ship, Response amplitude operator, Six degree of freedom, Motion response, ANSYS AQWA
The Effect of Battery Manufacturing under Different Conditions and Its Contribution to CO Emissions
Mufti Reza Aulia Putra1*, Muhammad Nizam1, Bagas Setiawan1, Henry Probo Santoso2
1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
2 Department of engineering and design, Robotics and Autonomous Systems, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
*Corresponding Author’s email address: muftireza@staff.uns.ac.id
Abstract
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries play a crucial role as energy sources for electric vehicles and portable electronic devices due to their high energy density. However, this high energy density leads to increased temperatures during operation, which negatively impacts the performance of nickel strips as the primary electrical connectors within the battery. Suboptimal welding of nickel strips results in safety issues, evidenced by gas leaks from the battery. This research aims to explore the impact of welding defects on battery performance, considering the role of gas sensors in enhancing safety. The test samples used are nickel strips with a thickness of 0.1 mm and a width of 5 mm, evaluated using varying currents of 10A, 20A, 40A, and 50A at room temperature. Observations were made regarding nickel degradation, followed by an analysis of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. The results indicate a temperature increase of up to 78,8°C at the nickel tip, along with the identification of three welding points representing efficient values. Furthermore, the welding results on the battery produced microstructural defects that led to an increase in CO emissions by 18 ppm and CO₂ emissions by 500 ppm during the 1C charging process until reaching 100%.
Keywords: Lithium-Ion battery, Resistance welding, Gas sensors
