Aktivitas Penghambatan Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) dan Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Buah Api-api (Avicennia marina)

Dwi Hadi Setya Palupi, Sri Haryanti, Masitoh Suryaning Prahasiwi, Retno Sari Utomo

Abstract

Pengobatan farmakologis untuk diabetes didasarkan pada peningkatan ketersediaan insulin dan perbaikan sensitivitas insulin. Saat ini, terapi berbasis glukagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) bertujuan untuk mengendalikan glukosa melalui penghambatan enzim DPP-4. Api-api (Avicennia marina) merupakan mangrove yang banyak terdapat di Indonesia, namun pemanfaatannya sebagai obat oleh masyarakat masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan metabolit sekunder yang terdapat pada ekstrak maupun fraksi buah api-api dan menentukan aktivitas penghambatannya terhadap enzim dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi dalam etanol 96%, dilanjutkan fraksinasi dengan metode cair-cair untuk mendapatkan fraksi n-heksan, etil asetat, dan air. Skrining fitokimia dilakukan dengan uji warna dan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT). Aktivitas penghambatan enzim DPP-IV dilakukan menggunakan metode fluoresensi dengan substrat fluorogenik Gly-Pro-aminomethyl-coumarin (AMC). Rendemen hasil ekstraksi buah api-api (Avicennia marina) sebesar 48,06% sedangkan fraksinasi dari ekstrak menghasilkan fraksi air dengan rendemen terbesar (31,54%). Hasil skrining fitokimia dan KLT memperlihatkan ekstrak etanol dan fraksi etil asetat buah api-api mengandung flavonoid, triterpenoid/steroid, tanin, dan saponin. Fraksi air terdeteksi mengandung flavonoid, tanin, dan terpenoid, sedangkan fraksi n-heksan hanya mengandung flavonoid dan triterpenoid.  Aktivitas penghambatan DPP-4 fraksi n-heksan, fraksi etil asetat, dan fraksi air dalam nilai IC50 berturut-turut yaitu 5,19; 1,36; dan 2,51 mg/mL. Fraksi etil asetat buah api-api putih memiliki aktivitas penghambatan DPP-4 terbaik, sehingga dapat menjadi sumber antidiabetik alami.

Keywords

Avicennia marina; Diabetes melitus; Inhibitor DPP-4; Metabolit sekunder; Skrining fitokimia

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/jpscr.v10i1.98721

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