Overview of Indonesian Community Pharmacy: Understanding Practice Changes

Vinci Mizranita, Thellie Ponto, Beulah Sipana

Abstract

Community pharmacy practice in Indonesia has shifted to a patient-centered model, offering a range of services that include treatment advice, chronic disease management, and public health promotion. This shift benefits consumers who visit community pharmacies as their initial healthcare point. The Indonesian healthcare system, a mix of public and private providers, is governed by a decentralized structure, fostering significant investment in private healthcare despite access limitations due to financial capacity. Medicines distribution, managed by the District Health Office, ensures supply to primary healthcare facilities, with community pharmacies regulated by the Ministry of Health and the Indonesian National Food and Drug Agency. Despite stringent regulations mandating comprehensive services, most pharmacists are not remunerated for their services. Pharmacy staff, including formally qualified pharmacists and pharmacy technicians, are registered professionals, with recent trends indicating a shift towards employing pharmacy technicians to enable pharmacists to focus on clinical roles. Economic factors and innovative service delivery modes, such as telepharmacy and online purchasing, are expected to influence future practices, enhancing the pharmacist's role in chronic disease management and other health conditions. The evolving community pharmacy practice in Indonesia reflects broader changes in the healthcare system and professional roles, with continued progression anticipated.

Keywords

community pharmacy; community pharmacy services; pharmacist, health-care system, Indonesia, developing country

Full Text:

PDF

References

Andayani, T. M., & Satibi, S. (2016). Pharmacy Practice in Indonesia. In A. I. Fathelrahman, M. I. M. Ibrahim, & A. I. Wertheimer (Eds.), Pharmacy practice in developing countries (pp. 41-56). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801714-2.00003-4

Athiyah, U., Setiawan, C. D., Nugraheni, G., Zairina, E., Utami, W., & Hermansyah, A. (2019). Assessment of pharmacists' knowledge, attitude and practice in chain community pharmacies towards their current function and performance in Indonesia. Pharmacy Practice (Granada), 17(3), 1518-1518. https://doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2019.3.1518

Benrimoj, S. I., & Roberts, A. S. (2005). Providing patient care in community pharmacies in Australia. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 39(11), 1911-1917. https://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1G165

Ferdiana, A., Liverani, M., Khan, M., Wulandari, L. P. L., Mashuri, Y. A., Batura, N., Wibawa, T., Yeung, S., Day, R., Jan, S., Wiseman, V., & Probandari, A. (2021). Community pharmacies, drug stores, and antibiotic dispensing in Indonesia: A qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1800. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11885-4

Herman, M. J., & Handayani, R. S. (2015). The preparedness of pharmacist in community setting to cope with globalization impact. Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia, 5, 57-66. https://doi.org/10.22435/jki.v5i1.3471

Hermansyah, A., Pitaloka, D., Sainsbury, E., & Krass, I. (2018a). Prioritising recommendations to advance community pharmacy practice. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 14(12), 1147-1156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.02.003

Hermansyah, A., Sainsbury, E., & Krass, I. (2018b). Multiple policy approaches in improving community pharmacy practice: The case in Indonesia. BMC health services research, 18(1), 449. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3258-8

Hermansyah, A., Wulandari, L., Kristina, S. A., & Meilianti, S. (2020). Primary health care policy and vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in Indonesia. Pharmacy Practice (Granada), 18(3), 2085. https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2020.3.2085

Holloway, K. A. (2011). Indonesia pharmaceutical in healthcare delivery. Available from: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/searo/hsd/edm/csa-indonesia-situational-analysis-2011.pdf?sfvrsn=55551f86_2

Indonesia Health Minister. (2011). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia nomor: 889/MENKES/PER/V/2011 tentang registrasi, izin praktik, dan izin kerja tenaga kefarmasian [Minister of Health regulations no. 889/MENKES/PER/V/2011 on registration, practice license, and pharmacist work license]. Available from: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Download/131019/Permenkes%20Nomor%20889%20Tahun%202011.pdf

Indonesian Health Minister. (2004). Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia nomor: 1027/MENKES/SK/2004 tentang standar pelayanan kefarmasian di apotek [Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia no. 1027/MENKES/SK/2004 on pharmaceutical service standards in community pharmacy] (1027/MENKES/SK/2004). Available from: http://hukor.kemkes.go.id/uploads/produk_hukum/KMK_No.1027-MENKES-SK-IX-2004_ttg_Standar_Pelayanan_Kefarmasian_di_Apotek_.pdf

Indonesian Health Minister. (2017). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia nomor 9 tahun 2017 tentang apotek [Minister of Health regulations no. 9/2017 on community pharmacy]. Available from: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Download/102926/Permenkes%20Nomor%209%20Tahun%202017.pdf

Indonesian Health Minister. (2021). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia nomor 3 tahun 2021 tentang perubahan penggolongan, pembatasan, dan kategori obat [Minister of Health regulations no. 3/2021 on medicines reclassification, limitations, and categories]. Available from: https://dinkes.jatimprov.go.id/userfile/dokumen/PMK-No.-3-Th-2021-Perubahan-Penggolongan-Pembatasan-dan-Kategori-Obat-961.pdf

Kadia, N. K., & Schroeder, M. N. (2015). Community pharmacy–based adherence programs and the role of pharmacy technicians: a review. J Pharm Technol, 31(2), 51-57. https://doi.org/10.1177/8755122515572809

Kristina, S. A., Thavorncharoensap, M., Pongcharoensuk, P., & Prabandari, Y. S. (2015). Impact of smoking cessation training for community pharmacists in Indonesia. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 16(8), 3319-3323. https://doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.8.3319

Mahendradhata, Y., Trisnantoro, L., Listyadewi, S., Soewondo, P., Marthias, T., Harimurti, P., & Prawira, J. (2017a). The Republic of Indonesia health system review. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/254716

Mahendradhata, Y., Trisnantoro, L., Listyadewi, S., Soewondo, P., Marthias, T., Harimurti, P., & Prawira, J. (2017b). The Republic of Indonesia health system review (Asia Pacific Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, Issue. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/254716

Makhlouf, A. M., Mohamed Ibrahim, M. I., Awaisu, A., Vyas, S. K., & Yusuff, K. B. (2021). Determinants of community pharmacists’ information gathering and counseling practices during the management of minor ailments. Saudi Pharm J, 29(9), 992-998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2021.07.016

Marlina, H., & Sardjono, A. (2018). Research report on the knowledge, experience, and attitude of consumers towards counterfeit medicine in Jakarta: A legal analysis. In H. Harkrisnowo, H. Juwana, & Y. U. Oppusunggu (Eds.), Law and Justice in a Globalized World (pp. 15-22). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.9774/gleaf.9781315223292

Miller, R., & Goodman, C. (2016). Performance of retail pharmacies in low- and middle-income Asian settings: A systematic review. Health Policy and Planning, 31(7), 940-953. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czw007

Ministry of Health Indonesia. (2017). Rekapitulasi Apotek Indonesia (The Recapitulation of Community Pharmacy in Indonesia) [Online] (Jakarta: Ministry of Health Indonesia, Issue. http://apif.binfar.depkes.go.id/grafik-apotek.php

Ministry of Health Indonesia. (2019). Rekapitulasi apotek di Indonesia (recapitulation of community pharmacy in Indonesia) http://apiffarmalkes.kemkes.go.id/grafik-apotek.php

Mizranita, V., Hughes, J. D., Sunderland, B., & Sim, T. F. (2023). Pharmacists and Pharmacy Technicians’ Perceptions of Scopes of Practice Employing Agency Theory in the Management of Minor Ailments in Central Indonesian Community Pharmacies: A Qualitative Study. Pharmacy, 11(5).

Mizranita, V., & Pratisto, E. H. (2015). Statin-associated ocular disorders: the FDA and ADRAC data. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 37(5), 844-850. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-015-0128-x

Mizranita, V., Sim, T. F., Sunderland, B., Parsons, R., & Hughes, J. D. (2021). The Pharmacists’ and pharmacy technicians’ scopes of practice in the management of minor ailments at community pharmacies in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study. Pharmacy Practice (Granada), 19(2), 2295. https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2021.2.2295

Mizranita, V., Sunderland, B., Hughes, J. D., & Sim, T. F. (2022). The management and status of minor ailments in community pharmacies in Central Indonesia: A mixed methods study [PhD Thesis, Curtin University]. Perth, Western Australia.

Pharmaceutical Society of Australia (PSA). (2016). National Competency Standards Framework for Pharmacists in Australia. Available from: https://www.psa.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/National-Competency-Standards-Framework-for-Pharmacists-in-Australia-2016-PDF-2mb.pdf

President of the Republic of Indonesia. (2017). Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia nomor 80 tahun 2017 tentang Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan [Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia no. 80/2017 on the Indonesian National Agency of Food and Drug Control]. Available from: https://jdih.setkab.go.id/PUUdoc/175299/Perpres%20Nomor%2080%20Tahun%202017.pdf

Supardi, S., Handayani, S. R., Herman, J. M., & Susyanty, L. A. (2011). The implementation of the pharmaceutical care standard in pharmacy: Need for the training for the pharmacist. Indonesian Bulletin of Health Research, 39(3), 138-144.

Tullett, J., Rutter, P., & Brown, D. (2003). A longitudinal study of United Kingdom pharmacists' misdemeanours--trials, tribulations and trends. Pharmacy World & Science : PWS, 25(2), 43-51. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1023288712923

Wiryanto, Harahap, U., Karsono, & Mawengkang, H. (2014). Community pharmacy practice standards as guidelines for pharmacists in performing profession in Indonesia. International Journal of Pharmacy Teaching and Practices, 5, 880-886. https://www.iomcworld.org/abstract/community-pharmacy-practice-standards-as-guidelines-for-pharmacists-in-performing-profession-in-indonesia-25721.html

Wulandari, L. P. L., Sawitri, A. A. S., & Hermansyah, A. (2022). The potential roles of pharmacy medication sales data to augment the syndromic surveillance system in response to COVID-19 and preparedness for other future infectious disease outbreaks in Indonesia [https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3356]. Int J Health Plann Mgmt, 37(1), 30-39. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3356

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/jpscr.v9i1.80498

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.