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Analisis Potensi Interaksi Obat Antipsikotik Pada Pasien Skizofrenia di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
Abstract
Terapi kombinasi antispikotik digunakan pada pasien skizofrenia untuk meningkatkan efikasi namun berpotensi untuk terjadinya masalah terkait terapi obat akibat dari interaksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi terjadinya interaksi obat antipsikotik dan hubungannya dengan karakteristik pasien skizofrenia Penelitian potong lintang dan deskriptif analitik ini menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medik pasien rawat inap tahun 2021 di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Hasil penelitian menunjukan potensi interaksi terjadi pada 92% pasien dengan tingkat interaksi mayor 54%, moderate 30% dan minor 16%. Potensi interaksi secara farmakodinamik mendominasi dengan 84% dibanding interaksi secara farmakokinetik hanya 16 %. Sebagian besar antipsikotik yang digunakan adalah risperidon 33,5%, lalu klorpromazin 23,7% dan haloperidol 20,4%. Kombinasi antispikotik yang terbesar adalah dua kombinasi yaitu risperidon dan klozapin (34,09%) lalu tiga kombinasi yaitu haloperidol, klorpromazin dan risperidon (20,45%). Analisis fisher menunjukan hubungan signifikan antara jumlah obat dengan potensi interaksi dengan nilai p 0,039 namun tidak berhubungan dengan umur, jenis kelamin dan penyakit penyerta (p >0,05). Potensi interaksi berhubungan dengan jumlah obat yang diterima dan perlu diperhatikan karena berpotensi menyebabkan efek samping serius seperti sindrom ekstrapiramidal, sindrom neuroleptic malignan dan peningkatan interval QTC yang dapat mempengaruhi outcome pasien.
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