Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia Linn) terhadap Respon Inflamasi Tikus yang diinduksi Kolitis

Tri Fitri Yana Utami, Muhammad Novrizal Abdi Sahid, Ediati Ediati, Ika Puspita Sari

Abstract

Kolitis Ulseratif (KU) merupakan penyakit peradangan usus yang dapat berkembang menjadi kanker usus dan akan meningkatkan kematian jika tidak tertangani dengan baik. Pengobatan KU dilakukan dengan pemberian kortikosteroid, imunosupresan dan agen biologis, namun hal itu dapat menyebabkan munculnya penyakit lainnya. Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia Linn) mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang mampu memberikan efek preventif dan terapeutik dengan menurunkan sitokin proinflamasi sehingga diperkirakan dapat memperbaiki kondisi KU. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian Ekstrak Buah Mengkudu (EBM) terhadap KU pada tikus yang diinduksi asam asetat. EBM diperoleh dari ekstraksi metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Induksi KU dilakukan pada tikus Sprague Dawley menggunakan 2% asam asetat. Tikus dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok, yaitu:  K1 (kontrol normal); K2 (kontrol negatif); K3 (Kontrol positif); K4, K5 dan K6 yaitu perlakuan berturut-turut diberi EBM dosis 100 mg/kgBB, 200 mg/kgBB dan 400 mg/kgBB. Kemudian dilakukan pengamatan respon inflamasi dengan paramater skoring penilaian indeks aktivitas penyakit (IAP) kolitis (berat badan, konsistensi feses, dan keberadaan darah pada feses), makrokopi lesi kolon serta rasio berat kolon/panjang kolon. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa EBM berpengaruh pada penurunan skor IAP KU, makroskopi lesi kolon dan rasio berat kolon/ panjang kolon pada dosis 100 mg/kgBB, 200 mg/kgBB, dan 400 mg/kgBB dimana dosis 400 mg/kgBB menunjukkan aktivitas yang lebih baik dan menunjukkan perbedaan siginifikan (p<0,05) dibandingkan kontrol negatif. EBM memberikan respon yang baik pada kondisi KU jika dinilai dengan parameter tersebut. Perbaikan respon inflamasi pada KU oleh EBM, menjadikan EBM sebagai kandidat pengobatan KU yang potensial.

Keywords

Kolitis; Ekstrak buah mengkudu; Terapi alternative; Indeks aktivitas penyakit; Inflamasi

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/jpscr.v8i3.71388

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