Efek Dosis Tinggi Potassium Iodate (KIO3) Terhadap Fungsi Tiroid, Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody (TPOAb) dan Berat Badan Pada Tikus Jantan Galur Wistar Hipotiroid

Taufiq Hidayat, Muhamad Arif Musoddaq

Abstract

Potassium iodate (KIO3) direkomendasikan di banyak negara tropis termasuk Indonesia. Keamanan KIO3 untuk manusia dan hewan tidak sepenuhnya terdokumentasi menurut beberapa otoritas kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian dosis tinggi KIO3 melalui rute oral selama 12 minggu terhadap perubahan fungsi kelenjar tiroid, thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) dan berat badan (BB) tikus jantan wistar hipotiroid. Pengujian dilakukan pada 30 ekor tikus jantan wistar terbagi 5 kelompok. Propiltiourasil (PTU) dosis 54 mg/kgBB/hari melalui rute oral selama 14 hari diberikan pada 4 kelompok untuk menginduksi hipotiroid dan aquades untuk 1 kelompok kontrol. Tiga kelompok tikus hipotiroid diberikan KIO3 dosis 19,8; 39,6 dan 79,2 µgI/hari melalui rute oral selama 12 minggu dan 1 kelompok diberikan aquades 2 ml/hari. Hasil menunjukkan, kadar TSH kelompok KIO3 dosis 39,6 µgI/hari lebih tinggi bermakna dibandingkan dengan kontrol (p<0,05). Kelompok KIO3 dosis 79,2 µgI/hari kadar TSH lebih rendah (p<0,05), kadar FT4 lebih tinggi (p<0,05), dan BB lebih rendah bermakna dibandingkan dengan kontrol (p<0,05). Kadar TPOAb kelompok perlakuan tidak berbeda bermakna dengan kontrol (p>0,05). Potassium iodate (KIO3) dosis 39,6 µgI/hari menginduksi hipotiroid subklinis, hipertiroid disertai penurunan BB ditemukan pada pemberian KIO3 dosis 79,2 µgI/hari melaui rute oral selama 12 minggu pada tikus jantan wistar hipotiroid. Iodat tidak menyebabkan autoimunitas tiroid.

Keywords

Iodat; iodium; KIO3; tiroid

Full Text:

PDF

References

Aakre, I., Bjøro, T., Norheim, I., Strand, T. A., Barikmo, I., dan Henjum, S. (2015). Excessive Iodine Intake and Thyroid Dysfunction Among Lactating Saharawi Women. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 31, 279–284.

Bianco, A. C., Anderson, G., Forrest, D., Galton, V. A., Gereben, B., Kim, B. W., Kopp, P. A., Liao, X. H., Obregon, M. J., Peeters, R. P., Refetoff, S., Sharlin, D. S., Simonides, W. S., Weiss, R. E., dan Williams, G. R. (2014). American Thyroid Association Guide To Investigating Thyroid Hormone Economy And Action In Rodent And Cell Models. Thyroid, 24(1), 88–168. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2013.0109

Çelik, I., Türkoǧlu, V., dan Yeǧin, E. (2000). Effects of Propylthiouracil-Induced Hypothyroidism on Plasma Lipid Table in Rabbits. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 24(2), 149–152.

Chistiakov, D. A. (2005). Immunogenetics of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Journal of Autoimmune Diseases, 2(1), 1.

Choksi, N. Y., Jahnke, G. D., St. Hilaire, C., dan Shelby, M. (2003). Role of Thyroid Hormones in Human and Laboratory Animal Reproductive Health. Birth Defects Research Part B - Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology, 68(6), 479–491.

Ekott, E., dan Etukudo, U. (2017). Iodine Stability in Commercial Salt Brands in Nigeria. International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR), 7(3), 10–13.

Erhirhie, E. O., Ekene, N. E., dan Ajaghaku, D. L. (2014). Guidelines On Dosage Calculation And Stock Solution Preparation In Experimental Animals’ Studies. Nat Sci Res, 4(18), 100–106.

Gourmelon, R., Donadio-Andréi, S., Chikh, K., Rabilloud, M., Kuczewski, E., Gauchez, A. S., Charrié, A., Brard, P. Y., Andréani, R., Bourre, J. C., Waterlot, C., Guédel, D., Mayer, A., Disse, E., Thivolet, C., Boullay, H. Du, Falandry, C., Gilbert, T., François-Joubert, A., Vignoles, A., Ronin, C., dan Bonnefoy, M. (2019). Subclinical Hypothyroidism: is it Really Subclinical with Aging? Aging and Disease, 10(3), 520–529.

Heli, R., Mahdi, C., dan Prasetyawan, S. (2014). The Effect of KIO3 and KI Salt Towards Iodium Levels (I2) in Urine, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and The Histology of Thyroid Gland of Goitrogenic Rat. J. Pure App. Chem. Res, 3(3), 123–130.

Hidayat, T., dan Susbiantonny, A. (2018). Pengaruh Hipotiroid Terhadap Berat Badan Dan Konsumsi Pakan Pada Tikus Jantan Galur Wistar. Media Gizi Mikro Indonesia, 10(1), 65–76. https://doi.org/10.22435/mgmi.v10i1.1004

Hidayat, T., Susbiantonny, A., dan Yunitawati, D. (2015). Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol Ciplukan Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Tikus Jantan Galur Wistar Induksi Propylthiouracil. Media Gizi Mikro Indonesia, 7(1), 11–24.

Hubrecht, R., dan Kirkwood, J. (2010). The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Laboratory and Other Research Animals: (8th ed.). Universities Federation for Animal Welfar. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444318777

Hussein, A. E. A. M., Abbas, A. M., El Wakil, G. A., Elsamanoudy, A. Z., dan El Aziz, A. A. (2012). Effect Of Chronic Excess Iodine Intake On Thyroid Function And Oxidative Stress In Hypothyroid Rats. Bull. Egypt. Soc. Physiol. Sci, 90(5), 617–625.

Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Micronutrients. (2001). Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc (Iodine). National Academies Press (US).

Jahnke, G. D., Choksi, N. Y., Moore, J. A., dan Shelby, M. D. (2004). Thyroid Toxicants: Assessing Reproductive Health Effects. Environmental Health Perspectives, 112(3), 363–368. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6637

John, R., Gary, D., Steven, G. S., dan Amata, R. (2004). Toxicological Profile for Iodine. In U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (Issue April). Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.

Khalawi, A. A., Al-Robai, A. A., Khoja, S. M., dan Shaker Ali, S. (2013). Can Nigella Sativa Oil (Sno) Reverse Hypothyroid Status Induced By PTU In Rat? Biochemical And Histological Studies. Life Sci, 10(2), 802–811.

Karbownik-Lewinska, M., Stepniak, J., Milczarek, M., dan Lewinski, A. (2015). Protective Effect of KI in mtDNA in Porcine Thyroid: Comparison with KIO3 and nDNA. Eur J Nutr, 54(2), 319–323.

Leung, A. M., dan Braverman, L. E. (2014). Consequences of Excess Iodine. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 10(3), 136–142.

Li, Q., Mair, C., Schedle, K., Hammerl, S., Schodl, K., dan Windisch, W. (2012). Effect Of Iodine Source And Dose On Growth And Iodine Content In Tissue And Plasma Thyroid Hormones In Fattening Pigs. Eur J Nutr, 51(6), 685–691.

Liu, Y. Y., dan Brent, G. A. (2010). Thyroid Hormone Crosstalk With Nuclear Receptor Signaling In Metabolic Regulation. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 21(3), 166–173.

Luo, Y., Kawashima, A., Ishido, Y., Yoshihara, A., Oda, K., Hiroi, N., Ito, T., Ishii, N., dan Suzuki, K. (2014). Iodine Excess As An Environmental Risk Factor For Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 15(7), 12895–12912. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms150712895

Marković, L., Mihailović-Vučinić, V., dan Aritonović, J. (2010). Hormones Of Thyroid Gland In Sera Of Rats Treated With Different Dose Of Concentrated Potassium Iodine Solutions. Srp Arh Celok Lek, 138(5–6), 323–327.

Milczarek, M., Stepniak, J., Lewinski, A., dan Karbownik-Lewinska, M. (2013). Potassium Iodide, But Not Potassium Iodate, As A Potential Protective Agent Against Oxidative Damage To Membrane Lipids In Porcine Thyroid. J Thyroid Res, 6(1).

Mullur, R., Liu, Y. Y., dan Brent, G. A. (2014). Thyroid Hormone Regulation Of Metabolism. Physiological Reviews, 94(2), 355–382. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00030.2013

Nambiar, P. R., Palanisamy, G. S., Okerberg, C., Wolford, A., Walters, K., Buckbinder, L., dan Reagan, W. J. (2014). Toxicities Associated with 1-month Treatment with Propylthiouracil (PTU) and Methimazole (MMI) in Male Rats. Toxicologic Pathology, 42(6), 970–983.

Ozturk, T., Sengul, D., dan Sengul, I. (2021). Jod-Basedow Phenomenon: Phenomenal Thyrotoxicosis? Sanamed, 16(3), 221–226. https://doi.org/10.24125/sanamed.v16i3.531

Paget, G. E., dan Barnes, J. M. (1964). Toxicity Test. In D. R. Laurence dan A. L. Bacharach (Eds.), Evaluation of Drug Activities Pharmacometrics, 1, pp. 135–166. Academic Press London and New York.

Park, S. H., dan Song, M. Y. (2016). Effects Of Aerobic And Anaerobic Exercise On Spatial Learning Ability In Hypothyroid Rats: A Pilot Study. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 28(12), 3489–3492. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.3489

Roti, E., dan Degli, U. E. (2001). Iodine Excess And Hyperthyroidism. Thyroid, 11(5), 493–500. https://doi.org/10.1089/105072501300176453

Shahid, M. A., dan Sharma, S. (2019). Physiology, Thyroid Hormone. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500006/

Sinha, R. A., Singh, B. K., dan Yen, P. M. (2018). Direct Effects Of Thyroid Hormones On Hepatic Lipid Metabolism. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 14(5), 259–269. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2018.10

Sun, R., Wang, J., Li, X., Li, L., Yang, J., Ren, Y., Xi, Y., dan Sun, C. (2015). Effect Of Iodine Intake on p14ARF and p16INK4a expression In Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma In Rats. Med Sci Monit, 21, 2288–2293. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.893486

Welch-White, V., Dawkins, N., Graham, T., dan Pace, R. (2013). The Impact Of High Fat Diets On Physiological Changes In Euthyroid And Thyroid Altered Rats. Lipids Health Dis, 12(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-511X-12-100

Wilson, G., Mooradian, A., Alexandraki, I., dan Samrai, G. (2011). Chapter 35 - Endocrinology. In R. E. Rakel & D. P. Rakel (Eds.), Textbook of Family Medicine (Eighth Edition) (Eighth Edi, pp. 756–801). W.B. Saunders. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4377-1160-8.10035-1

World Health Organization. (2001). Assessment Of Iodine Deficiency Disorders And Monitoring Their Elimination : A Guide For Programme Managers (2nd ed., pp. 1–99). World Health Organization.

World Health Organization. (2007). Assessment Of Iodine Deficiency Disorders And Monitoring Their Elimination : A Guide For Programme Managers (3rd ed., pp. 1–107). World Health Organization.

World Health Organization. (2014). Guideline: Fortification Of Food-Grade Salt With Iodine For The Prevention And Control Of Iodine Deficiency Disorders. In Who Guideline. World Health Organization.

Zhixin, Y., Chang, D., Daixing, H., Denghui, W., Jiang, Z., dan Xinliang, S. (2021). Correlation Between Body Mass Index And Clinicopathological Characteristics Of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Chinese Journal of Endocrine Surgery, 15(5), 494–498. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn.115807-20201117-00346

Zimmermann, M. B. (2013). Iodine Deficiency And Excess In Children: Worldwide Status In 2013. Endocr Pract, 19(5), 839–846. https://doi.org/10.4158/EP13180.RA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/jpscr.v8i1.58593

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.