Review: Profil Fitokimia dan Multipotensi dari Coleus amboinicus (Lour.)

Rahmawati Rahmawati, Puji Astuti, Subagus Wahyuono

Abstract

Coleus amboinicus (Lour.) merupakan tanaman obat tradisional yang banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat dan telah diteliti secara ekstensif serta dilaporkan di beberapa bidang ilmu pengetahuan. Penulisan review artikel ini didasarkan pada studi literatur tahun 1993 hingga tahun 2021, yang diperoleh dari database google scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, dan lainnya. Tanaman ini merupakan tanaman semak aromatis, berbunga, namun jarang berbiji dan dapat diperbanyak secara vegetatif. Profil senyawa fitokimianya dapat digolongkan menjadi beberapa kelas yang berbeda seperti terpenoid, fenolik, flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, steroid dan tanin. Tanaman C. amboinicus (Lour.) kaya akan komponen fenolik seperti asam rosmarinat dan asam kafeat, dengan mayoritas komponen volatil utamanya yaitu karvakrol. Profil fitokimia C. amboinicus (Lour.) dapat bervariasi tergantung pada berbagai faktor, seperti lingkungan, keanekaragaman genetik, bagian tanaman yang digunakan, maupun metode dan proses ekstraksi. Potensi farmakologinya seperti antibakteri, antifungi, antioksidan, antikanker, antiinflamasi, antidiabetes, antihiperlipidemia, antimalaria serta laktagoga telah banyak dilaporkan. Selain itu, tanaman ini juga dimanfaatkan dalam kuliner serta sintesis biogenik senyawa nanopartikel. Eksplorasi dari tanaman C. amboinicus (Lour.) juga merambah kepada mikroorganisme endofitnya, dan dikaitkan dengan kemampuannya untuk menghasilkan senyawa bioaktif yang potensial sebagai antibakteri, agen biokontrol serta produksi enzim selulase. Review artikel ini memberikan informasi terkait botani, fitokimia, farmakologi, sintesis biogenik, pemanfaatan lainnya serta eksplorasi mikroorganisme endofitnya. Artikel ini diharapkan dapat menjadi sumber informasi untuk pengembangan potensi C. amboinicus (Lour.) yang semakin meluas.

Keywords

Coleus amboinicus (Lour.); profil fitokimia; farmakologi; sintesis biogenik; endofit

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References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/jpscr.v6i2.47436

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