Utilization Of Nano Ethanolic Extract Combination Chamber Bitter (Phyllanthus Niruri L.) And Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) As A Natural Immunomodulator In Nanoherbal Development, In Silico And In Vitro Study

Kadek Hendra Darmawan

Abstract

The Filantin compounds in chamber bitter (Phyllanthus niruri L.) and lectin in garlic (Allium sativum L.) was proven as immunomudulatory agents through interaction with Toll-Like Reseptors (TLR) which have role in innate immune responds. Immunomodulators drug available on the market still have many shortcomings such as the low potential. Drug developing by nanotechnology is the right solution to increase the potential of the drug by increasing the absorption and minimize the dose. This research aimed to know the interaction of filantin and lectin with TLR2-TLR1 receptors through molecular docking and produce the nanoemulsion combination of chamber bitter and garlic ethanolic extracts that have phagocytosis activity. In silico assay through molecular docking showed that filantin has affinity for binding to TLR2-TLR1, docking score of lectin (-33,5389) was lower than the filantin (-31.5112). That means lectin has higher affinity for binding to TLR2-TLR1. Nanoemulsion was formulated by SNEDDS methods with composition of co-surfactant: surfactant: oil is 1: 5,25: 1. The nanoemulsion stable at 0,414% (w/v). In vitro assay of phagocytic index (5,03) and ratio (95%) showed that the formulation with nanoemulsion of the combination has higher phagocyte index and ratio than the formulation without nanoemulsion or even the positive controls.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Bhattacharyya M, Girish GV, Karmohapatra SK, Samad SA, Sinha AK. Systemic production of IFN-alpha by garlic (Allium sativum) in humans. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 2007;27(5): 377–382. [PubMed]

Chandrashekar, P. M., 2011, An Investigation of the Immunomodulatory Activities of Garlic (Allium Sativum L.), PhD thesis, University of Mysore.

Cooper Arik, et al., 2013, HIV-1 causes CD4 cell death through DNA-dependent protein kinase during viral integration,Nature 498, 376-379

Hodge G, Hodge S, Han P. Allium sativum (garlic) suppresses leukocyte inflammatory cytokine production in vitro: Potential therapeutic use in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Cytometry .2002;48(4): 209–215. [PubMed]

Koch, H.P., Lawson, L.D. (Eds.), 1996, Garlic: The Science and Therapeutic Application of Allium sativum L. and Related Species, 2nded, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp. 1–329.

Koo, H.N., Hong, S.H., Seo, H.G., Yoo, T.S., Lee, K.N., Kim, N.S., Kim, C.H., Kim, H.M.,2003, Inulin stimulates NO synthesis via activation of PKC-alpha and protein tyrosine kinase, resulting in the activation of NF-kappaB by IFN- gamma-primed RAW 264.7 cells, J. Nutr. Biochem 14, 598–605

Meredith, T. J., 2008, The Complete Book of Garlic: A Guide for Gardeners, Growers, and Serious Cooks. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.

Paithankar V. V., et al, 2011, Phyllanthus Niruri: A magic Herb, Research in Pharmacy 1(4): 1-9.

Robert A, Freitas Jr, 1999, Nanomedicine, Volume I: Basic Capabilities, ISBN 1- 57059-645-X.

Sunarno, 2007, The Effect of Phyllanthus niruri L in Neutrophil Percentages, Spleenic BacterialColonies and Liver Histopathology of Balb/C Mice Infected by Salmonellatyphimurium (Tesis),Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.

Smith DA, Germolec DR, 1999, Introduction to immunology and autoimmunity, Environmental Health Perspective;107 (Suppl 5):661-665.

Wiesner, M. R. 2007. Environmental Nanotechnology Application and Impacts of Nano materials.United States of America:The McGraw-Hill Companies. Halaman 9.

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.