ANALYSIS OF NOZZLE AND HEAD DIAMETER VARIATION TOWARDS PELTON TYPE MICROHIDRO OUTPUT POWER

Ary Cahya Setyawan, Danar Susilo Wijanto, Herman Saputro

Abstract

Microhydro is a eco-friendly power plant for output capacity below 100 KW. Its simple construction and relatively inexpensive design costs are the reason why microhydro is more suitable to be used as a source of electrical energy, especially in isolated areas that are still difficult to reach by electricity of PLN. There are several factors that affect the output power of Pelton microhydro, such as volume flow rate, number of buckets, bucket shape, runner diameter, head, number of nozzle, and nozzle diameter. The head and diameter of the nozzle are the variables in this research. The purposes is to analyze the influence of head variation and nozzle diameter to the electrical power produced by Pelton turbine from simulation and experiment results, and then comparing both of the results. This research used Pelton turbine type microhydro with 22 pieces of bucket. The generator that used is a PMG 200 watts type with transmission ratio of pulley 1:2. The methods used were simulation method and experimental method with varying head and diameter of a nozzle. Variable taken in this research was head variation, nozzle diameter variation, and electric power generated by Pelton turbine. Head variation used was 1,6 m, and 2,6 m, while nozzle diameter variation used was 5 mm, 7 mm, 9 mm, and 11 mm. Software used to create fluid flow and rotation simulations is SolidWorks 2013, and the instruments for testing used tachometer, flowmeter, amperemeter and digital voltmeter. The results from two methods showed that the head variable was directly proportional to power. Whereas for the nozzle variation, turbine power increases linearly as the nozzle size increases to 11 mm in diameter. Head variation 2,6 m with 11 mm nozzle diameter resulted electrical power of 11,87 watts at the volume flow rate output of 0,96 x 10-3 m3/s with  269 rpm generator rotations for experiment result. Generator rotations for simulation result of the same variation is 442 rpm. The efforts to improve the electric power of a pelton turbine can be obtained from head and nozzle diameter

Keywords

Micro-hydro Pelton turbine Head nozzle diameter simulation electric power

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References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/jomeve.v3i2.46004

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