Pengaruh Sosio-Demografi Masyarakat terhadap Akses Sanitasi di Kediri, Indonesia
Abstract
Di Kota Kediri, kondisi sosio-ekonomi yang beragam berpengaruh signifikan terhadap akses layanan sanitasi dan sering kali terkait dengan tantangan di kawasan yang berpenduduk padat dan kurang mampu secara ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak faktor-faktor sosio-demografi terhadap penggunaan tangki septik dan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL). Menggunakan data sekunder yang diolah melalui model regresi linier berganda, penelitian ini meneliti hubungan antara lama sekolah, kondisi ekonomi, dan metode pengelolaan air limbah oleh penduduk. Variabel yang digunakan meliputi durasi pendidikan (X1), kondisi ekonomi (X2), serta metode pembuangan air limbah ke perairan terbuka atau ke dalam tanah (X3 dan X4). Temuan menunjukkan bahwa panjang pendidikan, status ekonomi, dan metode pembuangan signifikan mempengaruhi keputusan menggunakan tangki septik atau IPAL. Hasil penelitian ini menekankan perlunya Pemerintah Kota Kediri untuk meningkatkan infrastruktur sanitasi sebagai komponen krusial dalam pengembangan ekonomi dan peningkatan kesejahteraan publik. Dianjurkan penerapan analisis biaya-manfaat secara sistematis untuk membenarkan alokasi dana terhadap peningkatan sanitasi.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Alkema, L., Chou, D., Hogan, D., Zhang, S., Moller, A.-B., Gemmill, A., Fat, D. M., Boerma, T., Temmerman, M., Mathers, C., & Say, L. (2016). Global, Regional, and National Levels and Trends in Maternal Mortality Between 1990 and 2015, with Scenario-Based Projections to 2030: A Systematic Analysis by the UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group. The Lancet, 387(10017), 462–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00838-7
Alonso, A., Monzón, A., & Cascajo, R. (2015). Comparative Analysis of Passenger Transport Sustainability in European Cities. Ecological Indicators, 48, 578–592. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.09.022
Ari, I. R. D., Rukmi, W., & Elya, N. (2020). Holistic Water Management at the Community Level, Case Study Jabung District, Malang Regency, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 448(1), 12062. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/448/1/012062
Auerbach, A. M., LeBas, A., Post, A. E., & Weitz-Shapiro, R. (2018). State, Society, and Informality in Cities of the Global South. Studies in Comparative International Development, 53(3), 261–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-018-9269-y
Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Kediri. (2020). Statistik Daerah Kota Kediri 2020. Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Kediri. https://kedirikota.bps.go.id/id/publication/2020/11/25/1affca14d7b151c3ef676502/statistik-daerah-kota-kediri-2020.html
Barua, P., Mitra, A., & Eslamian, S. (2023). Vulnerability of Climate Change on Water and Sanitation Sectors and Coping Mechanisms by the Communities of Economically Poor Hard-to-Reach Areas of Bangladesh BT-Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience: Climate Change and Disaster Risk Adaptation (S. Eslamian & F. Eslamian (eds.); pp. 417–443). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22112-5_18
Bhatkal, T., Mehta, L., & Sumitra, R. (2024). Neglected Second and Third Generation Challenges of Urban Sanitation: A Review of the Marginality and Exclusion Dimensions of Safely Managed Sanitation. PLOS Water, 3(6), e0000252. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000252
Chatterjee, B., Karandikar, R. L., & Mande, S. C. (2020). The Mortality due to COVID-19 in Different Nations is Associated with the Demographic Character of Nations and the Prevalence of Autoimmunity. MedRxiv, 2020.07.31.20165696. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.31.20165696
Clark, H., Coll-Seck, A. M., Banerjee, A., Peterson, S., Dalglish, S. L., Ameratunga, S., Balabanova, D., Bhan, M. K., Bhutta, Z. A., Borrazzo, J., Claeson, M., Doherty, T., El-Jardali, F., George, A. S., Gichaga, A., Gram, L., Hipgrave, D. B., Kwamie, A., Meng, Q., … Costello, A. (2020). A Future for the World’s Children? A WHO–UNICEF–<em>Lancet</em> Commission. The Lancet, 395(10224), 605–658. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32540-1
Cui, S., & Wang, Z. (2023). The Impact and Transmission Mechanisms of Financial Agglomeration on Eco-Efficiency: Evidence from The Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development Economies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 392, 136219. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136219
EastJava.com. (2020). Keidiri Regency Tourism MAP. https://www.eastjava.com/tourism/kediri/map.html
Elya, N., Ari, I. R. D., Hariyani, S., & Aji, B. S. (2021). Settlement Infrastructure Management for Universal Access in Ngantang District, Malang Regency, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 623(1), 12034. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/623/1/012034
Ercumen, A., Pickering, A. J., Kwong, L. H., Arnold, B. F., Parvez, S. M., Alam, M., Sen, D., Islam, S., Kullmann, C., Chase, C., Ahmed, R., Unicomb, L., Luby, S. P., & Colford, J. M. J. (2017). Animal Feces Contribute to Domestic Fecal Contamination: Evidence from E. coli Measured in Water, Hands, Food, Flies, and Soil in Bangladesh. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(15), 8725–8734. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01710
Eticha, T. K., & Adisu, M. T. (2022). Assessing Hygienic Status, Sanitation Issues, and Associated Problems in Dambi Dollo Town, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 37(4), 455–461. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/S1049023X22000814
Fadhilah, N., Alvin, L., Vembrio, W., & Safira, R. H. (2020). Modifikasi Unit Proses dalam Peningkatan Efisiensi Penyisihan Amonium Modification of Process Unit to Improve Ammonium Removal Efficiency. Jsal, 7(2), 47–56.
Foster, T., Falletta, J., Amin, N., Rahman, M., Liu, P., Raj, S., Mills, F., Petterson, S., Norman, G., Moe, C., & Willetts, J. (2021). Modelling Faecal Pathogen Flows and Health Risks in Urban Bangladesh: Implications for Sanitation Decision Making. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 233, 113669. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113669
Gherghel, A., Teodosiu, C., Notarnicola, M., & De Gisi, S. (2020). Sustainable design of Large Wastewater Treatment Plants Considering Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and Stakeholders’ Involvement. Journal of Environmental Management, 261, 110158. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110158
Grönwall, J., & Danert, K. (2020). Regarding Groundwater and Drinking Water Access through A Human Rights Lens: Self-Supply as A Norm. In Water (Vol. 12, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.3390/w12020419
Haghshenas, H., & Vaziri, M. (2012). Urban Sustainable Transportation Indicators for Global Comparison. Ecological Indicators, 15(1), 115–121. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.09.010
Harvey, P. A. (2008). Article Commentary: Environmental Sanitation Crisis: More than just a health issue. Environmental Health Insights, 2, 77–81. https://doi.org/10.4137/EHI.S1047
Hickel, J. (2020). The Sustainable Development Index: Measuring the Ecological Efficiency of Human Development in the Anthropocene. Ecological Economics, 167, 106331. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.05.011
Hueso, A. (2016). Is ‘Access to Adequate and Equitable Sanitation’ for All by 2030 Achievable? Perspectives from Sector Experts on What Needs to Change to Realise The Sustainable Development Goal. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 6(4), 650–657. https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.078
Indrawati, S. M., & Kuncoro, A. (2021). Improving Competitiveness Through Vocational and Higher Education: Indonesia’s Vision For Human Capital Development In 2019–2024. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 57(1), 29–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2021.1909692
Istijono, B., Hakam, A., Hardiyansyah, D., & Hape, M. M. (2019). Consideration of costs and factors of safety for landslide mitigation of the housing infrastructure in Sawahlunto. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 615(1), 12048. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/615/1/012048
Isunju, J. B., Schwartz, K., Schouten, M. A., Johnson, W. P., & van Dijk, M. P. (2011). Socio-Economic Aspects of Improved Sanitation in Slums: S Review. Public Health, 125(6), 368–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2011.03.008
Julian, T. R. (2016). Environmental Transmission of Diarrheal Pathogens in Low and Middle Income Countries. Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts, 18(8), 944–955. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6em00222f
Kalnins, A. (2018). Multicollinearity: How Common Factors Cause Type 1 Errors in Multivariate Regression. Strategic Management Journal, 39(8), 2362–2385. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2783
Kancherla, V., Roos, N., & Walani, S. R. (2022). Relationship between Achieving Sustainable Development Goals and Promoting Optimal Care and Prevention of Birth Defects Globally. Birth Defects Research, 114(14), 773–784. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2055
Khan, M. S., & Siddique, A. B. (2021). Spatial Analysis of Regional and Income Inequality in the United States. In Economies (Vol. 9, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9040159
Khusaini, M., Prasetyia, F., & Rozanti, Y. D. (2021). Determinants of Household Poverty Status in Kediri City. Journal of Indonesian Applied Economics. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:239645407
Koné, D. (2010). Making urban excreta and wastewater management contribute to cities’ economic development: a paradigm shift. Water Policy, 12(4), 602–610. https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2010.122
Moe, C. L., & Rheingans, R. D. (2006). Global Challenges in Water, Sanitation and Health. Journal of Water and Health, 4 Suppl 1, 41–57.
Monstadt, J., & Schramm, S. (2017). Toward The Networked City? Translating Technological Ideals and Planning Models in Water and Sanitation Systems in Dar es Salaam. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 41(1), 104–125. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12436
Mookodi, L. (2021). Decomposition Analysis of the Gini Coefficient of Consumer Expenditures In Botswana. Development Southern Africa, 38(4), 622–642. https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1912587
Muanda, C., Goldin, J., & Haldenwang, R. (2020). Factors and Impacts of Informal Settlements Residents’ Sanitation Practices on Access and Sustainability of Sanitation Services in the Policy Context of Free Basic Sanitation. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 10(2), 238–248. https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.123
O’Neill, B. C., Jiang, L., KC, S., Fuchs, R., Pachauri, S., Laidlaw, E. K., Zhang, T., Zhou, W., & Ren, X. (2020). The Effect of Education on Determinants of Climate Change Risks. Nature Sustainability, 3(7), 520–528. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0512-y
Oron, G., Campos, C., Gillerman, L., & Salgot, M. (1999). Wastewater Treatment, Renovation and Reuse for Agricultural Irrigation in Small Communities. Agricultural Water Management, 38(3), 223–234. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(98)00066-3
Paterson, C., Mara, D., & Curtis, T. (2007). Pro-Poor Sanitation Technologies. Geoforum, 38(5), 901–907. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2006.08.006
Paul, B., Jean Simon, D., Kiragu, A., Généus, W., & Emmanuel, E. (2022). Socio-Economic and Demographic Factors Influencing Open Defecation in Haiti: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 2156. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14619-2
Penakalapati, G., Swarthout, J., Delahoy, M. J., McAliley, L., Wodnik, B., Levy, K., & Freeman, M. C. (2017). Exposure to Animal Feces and Human Health: A Systematic Review and Proposed Research Priorities. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(20), 11537–11552. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02811
Putra, C. M. M. (2018). The Physical And Microbiological Quality Of Clean Water in Nanas Sub Village Kediri District Post Natural Phenomena Sinking Wells. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan, 10(4), 36–367. https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v10i4.2018.36-367
Putra, G. R., Ridhosari, B., Sofiyah, E. S., Zahra, N. L., Sarwono, A., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2022). Domestic Wastewater Disinfection Planning for Constructed Wetland Treatment Effluent. Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research, 4(2 SE-Articles), 88–93. https://doi.org/10.23960/jesr.v4i2.104
Rahmalia, I., Hilmi, F. M., Septiariva, I. Y., Aryanto, R. T. B., Handayani, S. D., Priutama, Y. E., Sarwono, A., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2021). Planning for Small-Scale Business (USK) Batik Wastewater Treatment Plant X Yogyakarta. Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi Dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan; Vol 18, No 3 (2021): November 2021DO - 10.14710/Presipitasi.V18i3.464-475 . https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/presipitasi/article/view/41472
Rasul, G., Nepal, A. K., Hussain, A., Maharjan, A., Joshi, S., Lama, A., Gurung, P., Ahmad, F., Mishra, A., & Sharma, E. (2021). Socio-Economic Implications of COVID-19 Pandemic in South Asia: Emerging Risks and Growing Challenges. Frontiers in Sociology, 6. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sociology/articles/10.3389/fsoc.2021.629693
Roitman, S., & Recio, R. B. (2020). Understanding Indonesia’s Gated Communities and Their Relationship with Inequality. Housing Studies, 35(5), 795–819. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2019.1636002
Sagara, M. R. N., Sari, M. M., Septiariva, I. Y., Wayan, I., & Suryawan, K. (2022). Relationship between Human Development Index and Gross Regional Domestic Product on Sanitation Access in East Java Region in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan: The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:252289722
Sagara, M. R. N., Suryawan, I. W. K., & Septiariva, I. Y. (2022). Assessment of Water Quality of Bokor River, Surabaya City as an Effort to Support the Sustainability of Fish Pond Business in the Downstream . Journal of Sustainable Infrastructure, 1(1 SE-Articles), 8–12.
Sahoo, K. C., Hulland, K. R. S., Caruso, B. A., Swain, R., Freeman, M. C., Panigrahi, P., & Dreibelbis, R. (2015). Sanitation-Related Psychosocial Stress: A Grounded Theory Study of Women Across the Life-Course in Odisha, India. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 139, 80–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.06.031
Sari, M. M., Septiariva, I. Y., Istanabi, T., Suhardono, S., Sianipar, I. M. J., Tehupeiory, A., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2023). Comparison of Solid Waste Generation During and Before Pandemic Covid-19 in Indonesia Border Island (Riau Islands Province, Indonesia). Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, 24(2), 251–260. https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/157170
Sarwono, A., Widiantara, M. D., Zahra, N. L., Floresyona, D., Suryawan, I. W. K., Siagian, F. M. H., & Septiariva, I. Y. (2022). Utilization of Black Liquor as Urease Inhibitor for Ammonia Reduction. Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, 23(2), 213–218. https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/146383
Satterthwaite, D. (2016). Missing the Millennium Development Goal targets for water and sanitation in Urban Areas. Environment and Urbanization, 28(1), 99–118. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247816628435
Shrestha, A., Sharma, S., Gerold, J., Erismann, S., Sagar, S., Koju, R., Schindler, C., Odermatt, P., Utzinger, J., & Cissé, G. (2017). Water Quality, Sanitation, and Hygiene Conditions in Schools and Households in Dolakha and Ramechhap Districts, Nepal: Results from A Cross-Sectional Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14010089
Sianipar, I. M. J., Lee, C.-H., Wang, H.-J., Kim, D.-C., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2024a). Determinant of importance-performance and willingness to participate in Komodo Adaptive Conservation Programs. Journal for Nature Conservation, 81, 126697. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2024.126697
Sianipar, I. M. J., Lee, C.-H., Wang, H.-J., Kim, D.-C., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2024b). Unraveling Factors Influencing Local Willingness to Participate in Sustainable Komodo Conservation and Protected Area Tourism . Forest and Society, 8(2 SE-Regular Research Articles), 350–371. https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v8i2.32880
Sofiyah, E. S., Septiariva, I. Y., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2021). The Opportunity of Developing Microalgae Cultivation Techniques in Indonesia. Berita Biologi, 20(2), 221–233. https://doi.org/10.14203/beritabiologi.v20i2.4000
Stanaway, J. D., Reiner, R. C., Blacker, B. F., Goldberg, E. M., Khalil, I. A., Troeger, C. E., Andrews, J. R., Bhutta, Z. A., Crump, J. A., Im, J., Marks, F., Mintz, E., Park, S. E., Zaidi, A. K. M., Abebe, Z., Abejie, A. N., Adedeji, I. A., Ali, B. A., Amare, A. T., … Hay, S. I. (2019). The Global Burden of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fevers: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 19(4), 369–381. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30685-6
Strande, L., Ronteltap, M., & Brdjanovic, D. (2014). Faecal Sludge Management: Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation. IWA Publishing. https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780404738
Suhardono, S., Lee, C.-H., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2024). Trends in Citizen Influencing Willingness to Participate in Marine Debris Management and social Well-Being in Bali Metropolitan, Indonesia. Urban Governance, 4(4), 362–373. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ugj.2024.12.005
Suryawan, I. W. K., Gunawan, V. D., & Lee, C.-H. (2025). The Role of Local Adaptive Capacity in Marine Ecotourism Scenarios. Tourism Management, 107, 105039. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2024.105039
Suryawan, I. W. K., & Lee, C.-H. (2023). Citizens’ Willingness to Pay for Adaptive Municipal Solid Waste Management Services in Jakarta, Indonesia. Sustainable Cities and Society, 97, 104765. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.104765
Suryawan, I. W. K., Lim, J.-W., Ramadan, B. S., Septiariva, I. Y., Sari, N. K., Sari, M. M., Zahra, N. L., Qonitan, F. D., & Sarwono, A. (2022). Effect of Sludge Sewage Quality on Heating Value: Case Study in Jakarta, Indonesia. Desalination and Water Treatment, 249, 183–190. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2022.28071
Suryawan, I. W. K., Rahman, A., Lim, J.-W., & Helmy, Q. (2021). Environmental Impact of Municipal Wastewater Management Based on Analysis of Life Cycle Assessment in Denpasar City. Desalination and Water Treatment, 244, 55–62. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2021.27957
Suryawan, I. W. K., Rahman, A., Suhardono, S., & Lee, C.-H. (2025). Visitor Willingness to Pay for Decarbonizing Tourism: Supporting a Net-Zero Transition in Nusa Penida, Indonesia. Energy for Sustainable Development, 85, 101628. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2024.101628
Sutrisno, A. D., Lee, C.-H., Suhardono, S., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2024). Evaluating Factors Influencing Community Readiness for Post-Mining Environmental Development Strategies. Journal of Environmental Management, 366, 121823. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121823
Torondel, B., Sinha, S., Mohanty, J. R., Swain, T., Sahoo, P., Panda, B., Nayak, A., Bara, M., Bilung, B., Cumming, O., Panigrahi, P., & Das, P. (2018). Association Between Unhygienic Menstrual Management Practices and Prevalence of Lower Reproductive Tract Infections: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Odisha, India. BMC Infectious Diseases, 18(1), 473. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3384-2
Trisnawati, A., & Marsono, D. (2012). Evaluasi Program Sanitasi Berbasis Masyarakat (SANIMAS ) di Kota Kediri. Scientific Conference of Environmental Technology IX.
Ummah, M., & Adriyani, R. (2019). Hygiene and Sanitation of Drinking Water Depot and Microbiology Quality of Drinking Water in Ngasem Primary Healthcare Area, Kediri, East Java. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan, 11(4), 286–292. https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v11i4.2019.286-292
Van Minh, H., & Nguyen-Viet, H. (2011). Economic Aspects of Sanitation in Developing Countries. Environmental Health Insights, 5, 63–70. https://doi.org/10.4137/EHI.S8199
Vilar-Compte, M., Burrola-Méndez, S., Lozano-Marrufo, A., Ferré-Eguiluz, I., Flores, D., Gaitán-Rossi, P., Teruel, G., & Pérez-Escamilla, R. (2021). Urban poverty and Nutrition Challenges Associated with Accessibility to a Healthy Diet: A Global Systematic Literature Review. International Journal for Equity in Health, 20(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01330-0
Vogel, J., Steinberger, J. K., O’Neill, D. W., Lamb, W. F., & Krishnakumar, J. (2021). Socio-Economic Conditions for Satisfying Human Needs at Low Energy Use: An International Analysis of Social Provisioning. Global Environmental Change, 69, 102287. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102287
Vujcic, J., Ram, P. K., Hussain, F., Unicomb, L., Gope, P. S., Abedin, J., Mahmud, Z. H., Islam, M. S., & Luby, S. P. (2014). Toys and Toilets: Cross-Sectional Study Using Children’s Toys to Evaluate Environmental Faecal Contamination in Rural Bangladeshi Households with Different Sanitation Facilities And Practices. Tropical Medicine & International Health : TM & IH, 19(5), 528–536. https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12292
Wang, C., Lim, M. K., Zhang, X., Zhao, L., & Lee, P. T.-W. (2020). Railway and Road Infrastructure in the Belt and Road Initiative Countries: Estimating the impact of Transport Infrastructure on Economic Growth. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 134, 288–307. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2020.02.009
Wardana, S. (2012). Studi Pencapaian Target Stop Buang Air Besar Sembarangan (BABS) Kota Kediri. Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
Williams, D. S., Máñez Costa, M., Sutherland, C., Celliers, L., & Scheffran, J. (2019). Vulnerability of Informal Settlements in the Context of Rapid Urbanization and Climate Change. Environment and Urbanization, 31(1), 157–176. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247818819694
Yang, B.-C., Lee, C.-H., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2025). Resilient Socio-Technical Systems for Adaptive Consumer E-Waste Management. Sustainable Cities and Society, 118, 106026. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.106026
Yue, S., Shen, Y., & Yuan, J. (2019). Sustainable Total Factor Productivity Growth for 55 States: An Application of the New Malmquist Index Considering Ecological Footprint and Human Development Index. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 146, 475–483. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.03.035Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
