The Depiction of Tolerance in American Superhero Films
Abstract
It is true that film as medium can represent a lot significant values in society, one of them is tolerance. It is crucial to discuss tolerance because societies have become more diverse. Therefore, exploring tolerance on films can be fascinating and useful. By using American superhero films (Fantastic 4 (2005), Fantastic 4: Rise of the Silver Surfer (2007), and Black Panther (2018) to depict how tolerance is represented, this study offers to enhance the understanding of tolerance which has always been one of important values to have. By applying Hall’s theory of representation, this study exposes two essential points: tolerance must be conceptualized by incorporating mutualism, understanding, and peace; and tolerance shown on American superhero movies should incorporate the portrayal of race and gender.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adi, I. R. (2011). Fiksi Populer: Teori & Metode Kajian. Penerbit Pustaka Belajar. Arsyad, A. (2013). Media Pembelajaran. PT Raja Grafindo Persada.
Bahasa, P. P. dan P. (1989). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta : Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Bogus, R. J. (1996). New International Webster’s Student Dictionary of the English Language: International Encyclopedia Edition. In International Encyclopedia Edition (p. 864). Trident Reference Pub.
Buckland, W. (1998). Teach Yourself: Film Studies. Contemporary Books.
Chandler, D. (2007). Semiotics: The Basics (Second). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378- 2166(02)00176-Connell, R. (1987). Gender and Power. Stanford University Press.
Connell, R., & Messerschmidt., J. W. (2005). Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept. Gender Society, 19(6), 829–859. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243205278639
Creswell, J. W. (2010). Research Design Pendekatan Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, dan Mixed (Third). PT Pustaka Pelajar.
Faan, M. (2006). The Significance of Black Women’s Participation in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and the 1960s. The Significance of Black Women’s Participation in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and the 1960s, 1.
Fakih, M. (2001). Analisis Gender dan Transformasi Sosial.
Febriyanti, I. (2015). The Power of Amiri Baraka’s Political Thoughts to The African-American Movement in America. Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies. https://doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v2i2.34259
Fiske, J., & Hartley, J. (2003). Reading Television. Routledge.
Hall, S. (1997). Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. SAGE Productions. Hariwijaya, M., & Djaelani, B. M. (2004). Teknik Menulis Skripsi & Thesis. Zenith publiser.
Harmer, J. (1991). The Practice of English Language Teaching. Longman.
Ikuenobe, P. (2014). White-on-Black Racism and Corlett’s Idea of Racism. Journal of African American Studies, 18, 108–127. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43525538
Mehrabian, A., & Blum, J. S. (1997). Physical appearance, attractiveness, and the mediating role of emotions. Current Psychology, 16, 20–42.
Miharso, V. (2008). Perjuangan hak-hak sipil di Amerika dan implikasinya bagi Indonesia : studi pemikiran Martin Luther King, Jr. In Working papers in interdisciplinary studies.
Navarro, R., Larrañaga, E., & Yubero, S. (2016). Gender Identity, Gender-Typed Personality Traits and School Bullying: Victims, Bullies and Bully-Victims. Child Indicators Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-015-9300-z
Perdue, T. (1999). Cherokee women: gender and culture change, 1700-1835 (Second). University of Nebraska Press.
Persell, C. H., Green, A., & Gurevich, L. (2001). Civil Society, Economic Distress, and Social Tolerance. Sociological Forum, 16, 203–230. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011048600902
Piliang, Y. A. (2003). Hipersemiotika: Tafsir Cultural Studies atas Matinya Makna. Jalasutra. Pratista, H. (2008). Memahami Film (Ke-2). Homerian Pustaka.
Putri, E. G. (2015). Non-Violence Principles in King’s Speeches and Its Impacts to African American Society. Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies. https://doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v2i2.34262
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. a. (2007). Motivation Concepts. In Organizational Behavior. Robinson, H. (1999). Rage. Scotland: Geddes & Grosset.
Rudy. (2017). Conceptualizing Gays in American Culture: A Representation Study on American
Television Series in 2000s. In Conceptualizing Gays in American Culture: A Representation Study on American Television Series in 2000s. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Samad, D. (2020). Praktek Toleransi Terbaik. Penerbit PAB Publishing.
Suharyanto, A. (2013). Peranan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Dalam Membina Sikap Toleransi Antar Siswa. Ilmu Pemerintahan Dan Sosial Politik.
Turner, G. (1999). Film as social practice (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Waters, A. (Ed.). (2006). Oxford Essential Dictionary: for elementary and pre-intermediate learners of English (Oxford Dictionaries). Oxford University Press.
Winterbach, H. (2006). Heroes and Superheroes: From Myth to the American Comic Book. South African Journal of Art History, 21, 114–134.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.