Kajian Literatur Karakteristik Lapisan Keramik Oksida yang Ditumbuhkan Diatas Paduan Zirkonium dengan Metode Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation

Maman Kartaman Ajiriyanto, Anawati Anawati

Abstract

Bahan Zircaloy-4 telah digunakan sebagai bahan kelongsong elemen bakar reaktor nuklir tipe pressurized water reactor, PWR. Kelongsong Zr-4 tersebut menghadapi kondisi temperatur dan tekanan tinggi, iradiasi neutron, dan penyerapan gas (hidrogen, oksigen).  Pada suhu dan tekanan tinggi, paduan Zr-4 mudah mengalami oksidasi dan kecepatan oksidasi meningkat pada suhu 800-1200°C. Upaya untuk meningkatkan ketahanan oksidasi kelongsong Zr-4 adalah pelapisan permukaan dengan metode seperti thermal spray, physical vapor deposition, cladding, heat treatment, dan chemical vapor deposition. Pada artikel review ini menggambarkan dan menjelaskan metode pelapisan alternatif yaitu plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) yang secara khusus diaplikasikan pada substrat zirkonium. Aspek lain yang dibahas adalah parameter proses yang mempengaruhi kualitas lapisan, dan karakteristik yang khas dari lapisan yang dihasilkan dengan metode PEO. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) merupakan metode pelapisan yang menjanjikan untuk menghasilkan lapisan oksida keramik dengan kekuatan mekanik dan termal yang tinggi. Proses PEO menggunakan peralatan yang sederhana dan bahan yang ramah lingkungan. Lapisan oksida zirkonium (ZrO2) yang terbentuk pada permukaan substrat Zr-4 mempunyai titik lebur sangat tinggi yaitu 2715°C dan tampang lintang neutron termal sangat rendah yaitu 0,18 barn. Karakteristik lapisan oksida keramik yang dihasilkan dipengaruhi oleh parameter proses PEO yaitu rapat arus, jenis dan konsentrasi elektrolit, bahan aditif pada elektrolit dll. Hingga saat ini, proses pelapisan metode PEO pada paduan Zirkonium (Zr) relatif belum banyak dibahas secara mendalam jika dibandingkan dengan logam lainnya seperti Al, Mg, dan Ti. Salah satu permasalahan yang masih dihadapi dalam pelapisan PEO terhadap substrat Zr-4 adalah porositas relatif tinggi dan jumlah fasa t-ZrO2 pada inner dan outer layer yang relatif rendah yang dapat mengurangi kekuatan mekanik dan ketahanan korosinya. Penyelesaian masalah untuk meningkatkan kualitas lapisan PEO adalah dengan optimasi parameter proses PEO yaitu rapat arus ,dan jenis dan konsentrasi elektrolit. Dalam kajian literatur ini didiskusikan strategi optimasi rapat arus, penggunaan variasi elektrolit, dan penambahan aditif pada proses PEO  untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanik dan korosi lapisan Modifikasi permukaan dengan proses PEO dapat diaplikasikan pada paduan zirkonium termasuk paduan Zr-4 sebagai komponen atau kelongsong bahan bakar reaktor nuklir tipe PWR. Metode PEO ini sangat potensial digunakan pada kelongsong Zr-4 untuk meningkatkan ketahanan oksidasi suhu tinggi dan meningkatkan efisiensi bahan bakar didalam reaktor nuklir.

Keywords

Kelongsong Zr-4; Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation; elektrolit silikat dan aluminat; aditif Y2O3, bahan bakar nuklir.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/ijap.v12i1.49853

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