Mini-Review Teknologi Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) Berbasis Kombinasi Proses Kimia dan Bioproses

Anisa Azzahra Isya, Kezia Rhesa Arman, Joko Wintoko

Abstract

Abstrak. Saat ini kebutuhan energi masih mengandalkan bahan bakar fosil. Di sisi lain, emisi CO2  yang dihasilkan dari pembakaran bahan bakar fosil terus meningkat dan berkontribusi sebagai gas rumah kaca di atmosfer. Pemanasan global menjadi ancaman bagi masa depan kehidupan. Salah satu upaya penanggulangannya adalah dengan mengembangkan teknologi Carbon, Capture, and Utilization (CCU) berbasis proses absorpsi kimia untuk menangkap gas CO2  dari hasil pembakaran. CO2 yang ditangkap kemudian disimpan dalam bentuk yang stabil sehingga tidak akan terlepas ke atmosfer atau dimanfatkan sebagai bahan baku industri kimia. Kendala utama penerapan teknologi CCU dalam skala besar adalah besarnya biaya yang diperlukan. Sementara, revenue yang dihasilkan relatif rendah. Pada teknologi CCU berbasis proses absorpsi kimia ini, bahan kimia sebagai absorbennya perlu diregenerasi lagi dan CO2-nya dipisahkan untuk disimpan atau dimanfaatkan. Namun regenerasi ini memerlukan biaya yang relatif mahal. Beberapa penelitian mencoba melakukan regenerasi ini dengan bioproses berbasis mikro-alga. Mikro-alga dapat mengambil energi dari cahaya matahari yang melimpah di daerah tropis seperti Indonesia. Di samping itu, beberapa jenis mikro alga mempunyai potensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan dan lainnnya. Dalam review ini akan dibahas hasil-hasil penelitian terkini tentang bahan kimia yang sesuai untuk proses absorpsi CO2 dari gas buang, metode regenerasinya mempergunakan mikro-alga, spesies mikro-alga yang dapat dipakai, dan potensi pemanfaatan mikro-alganya.

 

Abstract. Currently, energy needs still rely on fossil fuels. On the other hand, CO2 emissions resulting from burning fossil fuels continue to increase and contribute as a greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Global warming is a threat to the future of life. One of the countermeasures is by developing Carbon, Capture, and Utilization (CCU) technology based on a chemical absorption process to capture CO2 gas from combustion. The captured CO2 is then stored in a stable form so it will not be released into the atmosphere or used as raw material for the chemical industry. The main obstacle to implementing CCU technology on a large scale is the cost involved. Meanwhile, the revenue generated is relatively low. In CCU technology based on this chemical absorption process, chemicals as absorbents need to be regenerated and the CO2 is separated for storage or use. However, this regeneration requires a relatively high cost. Several studies have attempted to perform this regeneration with micro-algae-based bioprocesses. Micro-algae can take energy from sunlight which is abundant in tropical areas such as Indonesia. In addition, several types of micro algae have the potential to be used as food and other utilizations. This review will discuss the results of recent research on suitable chemicals for the absorption of CO2 from flue gas, its regeneration method using micro-algae, usable micro-algae species, and the potential for micro-algae utilization.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/equilibrium.v4i2.47908

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