Growth Response of Local Cassava to Cutting Models and the Number of Buds

Tri Mulya Hartati, Chumidach Roini, Indah Rodianawati

Abstract

Cassava is one of the local food sources that are widely available in almost every region. Cuttings are used to plant cassava, and these cuttings will produce a number of roots and buds. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cuttings slices model and the number of buds on the growth of Tobelo local varieties of cassava. This study employed a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD), with the cuttings slices model as the first factor, consisting of three levels, namely: flat slice, one-sided slice and two-sided slice. The second factor is the number of buds, which is divided into three levels, 1 bud, 2 buds and 3 buds. The observation parameters in this study include plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter and leaf area. The results have revealed that the model of two-sided sliced cuttings combined with the number of one bud is the most effective treatment in improving the growth of cassava plants of Tobelo local varieties. The models of one-sided and two-sided oblique cuttings slices yield the highest average value for the parameters of plant height, stem diameter and leaf area, while the treatment with one bud tends to give the best results for the growth parameters.

Keywords

cassava of Tobelo variety; cassava production; cuttings model; number of buds; staple food

Full Text:

PDF

References

Adiele, J. G., Schut, A. G. T., van den Beuken, R. P. M., Ezui, K. S., Pypers, P., Ano, A. O., Egesi, C. N., & Giller, K. E. (2020). Towards closing cassava yield gap in West Africa: agronomic efficiency and storage root yield responses to NPK fertilizers. Field Crops Research, 253, 107820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107820

Agahiu, A. E., Baiyeri, K. P., & Ogbuji, R. O. (2011). Correlation analysis of tuber yield and yield related characters in two cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) morphological-types grown under nine weed management systems in the Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria. Journal of Applied Biosciences, 48, 3316–3321. Retrieved from http://www.m.elewa.org/JABS/2011/48/6.pdf

Amarullah, Indradewa, D., Yudono, P., & Sunarminto, B. D. (2016). Effect of source-sink manipulation on yield and related yield components in cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz. International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology, 6(2), 69–76. https://doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v6i2.31708

Amarullah, Indradewa, D., Yudono, P., & Sunarminto, B. H. (2017). Correlation of growth parameters with yield of two cassava varieties. Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science), 1(3), 100–104. https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.10706

Amarullah. (2016). Manipulasi sumber dan lubuk dengan pengaturan jumlah cabang pertanaman dan model irisan stek untuk meningkatkan hasil ubikayu (Doctoral Dissertasion). Tarakan, Indonesia: Universitas Borneo Tarakan. Retrieved from https://docplayer.info/87008724-I-pendahuluan-1-1-latar-belakang.html

Angga, W. (2011). Pengaruh jumlah mata tunas stek terhadap pertumbuhan empat varietas ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) [Undergraduate theses]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor. Retrieved from https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/51128

Ariani, M., Hermanto, Hardono, G. S., Sugiarto, & Wahyudi, T. S. (2013). Kajian strategi pengembangan diversifikasi pangan lokal. In Laporan Kegiatan Kajian Isu-Isu Aktual Kebijakan Pembangunan Pertanian. Bogor, Indonesia: Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Retrieved from http://pse.litbang.pertanian.go.id/ind/pdffiles/anjak_2013_06.pdf

BALITKABI [Balai Penelitian Tanaman Aneka Kacang dan Umbi]. (2019). Cara dan jenis pupuk untuk tanaman ubikayu/singkong. Malang: BALITKABI. Retrieved from http://cybex.pertanian.go.id/mobile/artikel/78664/Cara-dan-Jenis-Pupuk-untuk-Tanaman-Ubi-Kayu---Singkong/

Bantacut, T. (2014). Indonesian staple food adaptations for sustainability in continuously changing climates. Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 4(21), 202–215. Retrieved from https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/view/17448

Benesi, I. R. M., Labuschagne, M. T., Herselman, L., Mahungu, N. M., & Saka, J. K. (2008). The effect of genotype, location and season on cassava starch extraction. Euphytica, 160, 59–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-007-9589-x

Bridgemohan, P., & Bridgemohan, R. S. H. (2014). Effect of initial stem nodal cutting strength on dry matter production and accumulation in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 6(6), 64–72. https://doi.org/10.5897/JPBCS2013.0452

Ceballos, H., & de la Cruz, G. A. (2002). Taxonomía y morfología de la yuca. In B. Ospina, H. Ceballos (Ed.), La yuca en el tercer Milenio: Sistemas Modernos de producción, procesamiento, utilización y comercialización, pp. 16–31. Cali, Colombia: CIAT (International Center for Tropical Agriculture). Retrieved from https://repository.agrosavia.co/handle/20.500.12324/18089

Ceballos, H., Okogbenin, E., Pérez, J. C., López-Valle, L. A. B., & Debouck, D. (2010). Cassava. In J. Bradshaw (Ed.), Root and Tuber Crops, pp. 53–96. New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92765-7_2

Cock, J. H. (2012). Cassava : A basic energy source in the tropics. In R. H. Howeler (Ed.), The cassava handbook: A reference manual based on the asian regional cassava training course, held in Thailand, pp. 23–38. Bangkok, TH.: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). Retrieved from http://ciat-library.ciat.cgiar.org/Articulos_ciat/biblioteca/The%20Cassava%20Handbook%202011.pdf#page=31

De Souza, A. P., Massenburg, L. N., Jaiswal, D., Cheng, S., Shekar, R., & Long, S. P. (2017). Rooting for cassava: insights into photosynthesis and associated physiology as a route to improve yield potential. New Phytologist, 213(1), 50–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14255

Edet, M. A., Tijani-Eniola, H., & Okechukwu, R. U. (2013). Comparative evaluation of organomineral fertilizer and NPK151515 on growth and yield of cassava varieties in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. African Journal of Root and Tuber Crops, 10(1), 9–14. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10568/76679

Edmond, J. B., Senn, T. L., Andrews, F. S., & Halfacre, R. G. (1975). Fundamentals of horticulture (4th ed.). New York, United States: McGraw-Hill, Inc.. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.co.id/scholar?cites=10560392343957292712&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=id&authuser=3

Egesi, C. N., Ilona, P., Ogbe, F. O., Akoroda, M., & Dixon, A. (2007). Genetic variation and genotype × environment interaction for yield and other agronomic traits in cassava in Nigeria. Agronomy Journal, 99(4), 1137–1142. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2006.0291

Eke-Okoro, O. N., & Njoku, D. N. (2012). A review of cassava development in Nigeria from 1940-2010. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 7(1), 59–65. Retrieved from http://www.arpnjournals.com/jabs/research_papers/rp_2012/jabs_0112_356.pdf

El-Sharkawi, M. A. (2006). International research on cassava photosynthesis, productivity, eco-physiology and responses to environmental stresses in the tropics. Photosynthetica, 44(4), 481–512. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-006-0063-0

El-Sharkawy, M. A. (2014). Global warming: causes and impacts on agroecosystems productivity and food security with emphasis on cassava comparative advantage in the tropics/subtropics. Photosynthetica, 52(2), 161–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-014-0028-7

Enyi, B. A. C. (1973). Growth rates of three cassava varieties (Manihot esculenta Crantz) under varying population densities. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 81(1), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600058251

Fermont, A. M., Titonell, P. A., Baguma, Y., Ntawuruhunga, P., & Giller, K. E. (2010). Towards understanding factors that govern fertilizer response in cassava: lessons from East Africa. Nutrient Cycling Agroecosystem, 86(1), 133–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-009-9278-3

Gardner, F. P., Pearce, R. B., & Mitchell, R. L. (2017). Physiology of crop plants. Jodhpur, India: Scientific publishers. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.co.id/scholar?cites=4067135385125625208&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=id&authuser=3

Gomez, K. A., & Gomez, A. A. (1984). Statistical procedures for Agricultural Research (2nd ed.). New Jersey, United States: John Wiley & Sons. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.co.id/scholar?cites=14957946235125646981&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=id&authuser=3

Guritno, B., & Sitompul, S. M. (1995). Analisis pertumbuhan tanaman. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.co.id/scholar?cluster=8192137574706130258&hl=id&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&authuser=3

Hardono, G. S. (2014). Strategi pengembangan diversifikasi pangan lokal. Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian, 12(1), 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/akp.v12n1.2014.1-17

Hasibuan, S., & Nazir, N. (2017). The development strategy of sustainable bioethanol industry on iconic Sumba island, Eastern Indonesia. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 7(1), 276–283. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/296918917.pdf

Hidayat, R. (2004). Kajian pola translokasi asimilat pada beberapa umur tanaman manggis (Garcinia Mangostana L.) muda. Agrosains, 6(1), 20–25. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.co.id/scholar?cites=9012011237802973815&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=id&authuser=3

Ikuemonisana, E. S., Mafimisebib, T. E., Ajibefuna, I., & Adenegan, K. (2020). Cassava production in Nigeria: trends, instability and decomposition analysis (1970–2018). Heliyon, 6(10), e05089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05089

Neves, R. J., Diniz, R. P., & Oliveira, E. J. (2018). Productive potential of cassava plants (Manihot esculenta Crantz) propagated by leaf buds. Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 90(2), 1733–1747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170867

Nugraha, H. D., Suryanto, A., & Nugroho, A. (2015). Kajian potensi produktivitas ubikayu (Manihot esculenta Crant.) di Kabupaten Pati. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 3(8), 673–682. Retrieved from http://protan.studentjournal.ub.ac.id/index.php/protan/article/view/249

Nurdjanah, S., Susilawati, & Sabatini, M. R. (2012). Prediksi kadar pati ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta) pada berbagai umur panen menggunakan penetrometer. Jurnal Teknologi & Industri Hasil Pertanian, 12(2), 65–73. Retrieved from http://jurnal.fp.unila.ac.id/index.php/JTHP/article/view/87

Okpara, D. A., Agoha, U. S., & Iroegbu, M. (2010). Response of cassava variety TMS 98/0505 to potassium fertilization and time of harvest in South Eastern Nigeria. Nigeria Agricultural Journal, 41(1), 91–100. Retrieved from https://www.ajol.info/index.php/naj/article/view/90575

Oliveira, E. C., & Miglioranza, E. (2014). Stomatal density in six genotypes of cassava. International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT), 3(3), 205–208. Retrieved from http://www.ijesit.com/Volume%203/Issue%203/IJESIT201403_40.pdf

Pusdatin [Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian/Center for Agricultural Data and Information System]. (2018). Agricultural Statistics 2018. Jakarta: Center for Agricultural Data and Information System, Ministry of Agriculture Republic of Indonesia. Retrieved from https://polbangtanmalang.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Statistik-Pertanian-2018.pdf

Radjit, B. S., & Prasetiaswati, N. (2011). Potensi hasil umbi dan kadar pati pada beberapa varietas ubikayu dengan sistim sambung (Mukibat). Buana Sains, 11(1), 35–44. Retrieved from https://jurnal.unitri.ac.id/index.php/buanasains/article/view/177

Rahman, S., & Awerije, B. O. (2016). Exploring the potential of cassava in promoting agricultural growth in Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS), 117(1), 149–163. Retrieved from https://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016050350174

Remison, S. U., Omorodion, E., & Eifedyi, E. K. (2015). A re-examination of the effects of length of stem cuttings on the growth and yield of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Nigerian Annals of Natural Sciences, 15(1), 9–13. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297715769_A_RE-EXAMINATION_OF_THE_EFFECTS_OF_LENGTH_OF_STEM_CUTTINGS_ON_THE_GROWTH_AND_YIELD_OF_CASSAVA_Manihot_esculenta_CRANTZ

Santisopasri, V., Kurotjanawong, K., Chotineeranat, S., Piyachomkwan, K., Sriroth, K., & Oates, C. G. (2001). Impact of water stress on yield and quality of cassava starch. Industrial Crops and Products, 13(2), 115–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6690(00)00058-3

Simatupang, P. (2012). Meningkatkan daya saing ubikayu, kedelai dan kacang tanah untuk meningkatkan pendapatan petani, ketahanan pangan, nilai tambah, dan penerimaan devisa. Prosiding Seminar Hasil Penelitian Tanaman Aneka Kacang dan Umbi, 1–12. Retrieved from https://balitkabi.litbang.pertanian.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/01_Pancar-1.pdf

Sulistiono, W., Hartanto, S., & Brahmantiyo, B. (2020). Respons beberapa varietas ubi kayu terhadap pemupukan NPK pada tanah Latosol di Maluku Utara. Buletin Palawija, 18(1), 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bulpa.v18n1.2020.p43-51

Sundari, T. (2010). Petunjuk teknis: Pengenalan varietas unggul dan teknik budidaya ubi kayu (Materi pelatihan agribisnis bagi KMPH). Palembang: Ministry of Forestry. Retrieved from http://www.forclime.org/merang/55-STE-FINAL.pdf

Suwitono, B., Hendaru, I. H., & Putri, P. H. (2017). Karakterisasi agronomis ubikayu lokal Maluku Utara. Prosiding Seminar Hasil Penelitian Tanaman Aneka Kacang dan Umbi, 510–517. Retrieved from https://balitkabi.litbang.pertanian.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Prosiding-2017-52-bayu.pdf

Taiz, L., & Zeiger, E. (2010). Plant Physiology (5th ed.). Sunderland, Massachusetts, United States: Sinauer Associates, Inc. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.co.id/scholar?cluster=15354113465242236017&hl=id&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&authuser=3

Tappiban, P., Sraphet, S., Srisawad, N., Wu, P., Han, H., Smith, D. R., & Triwitayakorn, K. (2020). Effects of cassava variety and growth location on starch fine structure and physicochemical properties. Food Hydrocolloids, 108, 106074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106074

Wijanarko, A. (2014). Peningkatan kesuburan dan kualitas tanah dengan pemberian biomassa tanaman legum dan non legum pada pola tumpangsari-tumpang gilir ubikayu di Typic Hapludult Lampung [Doctoral Dissertation]. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Universitas Gadjah Mada. Retrieved from http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/71090

Wild, A., & Jones, L. H. P. (1988). Mineral nutrition of crop plants. In A. Wild (Ed.), Russell’s soil conditions and plant growth (11th ed.), pp. 69–112. Harlow, UK: Longman Scientific and Technical. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.co.id/scholar?cluster=16451850463393787335&hl=id&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5

Zuraida, N. (2010). Karakterisasi beberapa sifat kualitatif dan kuantitatif plasma nutfah ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz.). Buletin Plasma Nutfah, 16(1), 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/blpn.v16n1.2010.p49-56

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.