KAJIAN FERMENTASI KACANG TANAH DARI HASIL EKSTRAKSI MINYAK DENGAN CARA PENGEMPAAN

Enny Karti Basuki Susiloningsih, Titi Susilowati

Abstract

Research on changes in physico-chemical and functional properties of flour partially defatted peanut with R. oligosporus and R. oryzae were conducted. Before fermentation hull peanut was extracting the oil by hydraulic press. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design in two times, treatment consisted of five fermentation duration (0, 8, 20, 22 and 24 hours) and two starter (R. oligosporus and R. oryzae). The result showed that R. oryzae grow faster than R. oligosporus and has gray black mycellium. Optimum time fermentations was 22 hours and fermented peanut flour by R. oligosporus has physico-chemical and functional properties better than R. oryzae.

Keywords

fermentation duration; peanut flour; R. oligosporus; R. oryzae; fermentasi kacang tanah

Full Text:

PDF

References

Adamsand , M.R. and M.O Moss, 1995, Food Microbiology, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Thomas Graham House, The Science Park, Cambridge.

Apriyantono , A.,D. Fardiaz, N.L. Puspita Sari , Sedarwati, S. Budijanto,1989, Analisa Pangan, PAU IPB, Bogor.

Basha, S.M, 1992, Effect of Location and Season on Peanut Seed Protein and Polypeptide Composition, J. Agric. Food Chem. 40 : 1784 – 1788.

Chiou, R.Y.Y, C.D. Liu. S. Ferng and R.T.Tsai, 1992, Characterization of Peanut Kernel as Affected by Harvest Date and Drying Practices J. Agric. Food Chem. 40 : 1536 – 1540.

Conkerton, E.J,P.J. Wan and O. A. Richard, 1995, Hexane and Heptane as Extraction Solvents for Cottonseed : A Laboratory Scale Study, J. Am. Oil Chem.. Soc.72 : 963 – 965.

Darmodaran, S. and A. Paraf, 1997, Food Protein and Their Applications, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.

Elizalde, B.E, R.J. De Kantewiez, A.M.R.Pilosof and G.B Bartholoma ,1988, Physicochemical Properties of Food Protein Related to their Ability to Stabilize Oil in Water Emulsion , J Food Sci, 53 :845 -848.

Golombek, S.D., R. Sridhar and U. Singh, 1995, Effect of Soil Temperature on The Seed Composition of Three Spanish Cultivars of Groudmut, J. Agric. Food Chem, 43 : 2067 – 2070

Karlovic , D,M.Soiij and J. Turkulov, 1992, Kinetic of Oil Extraction from Corn Germ ,J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 69 : 471 – 476

Kasmidjo , R. B. 1990, Tempe, Mikrobiologi dan Biokimia Pengolahan serta Pemanfaatannya, P.A.U Pangan dan Gizi, U.G.M, Yogykarta

Kethireddipall, P. , Y.C. Hung, K.H.Mc.Watters and R.D. Phillips, 2002, Effect of Milling Method (Wet and Dry) on the Functional Properties of Cowpea Pastes and End Product Quality , J.Food Sci., 67 :48 -52

Lee, C. and L.R.Beuchat, 1991, Functional and Sensory Propeties of Salad Dressing Containing Fermented Peanut Milk, J.Food Sci, 56: 1664 – 1667, 1984

Liu , H, C.G. Biliarderis ,R. Przybylski and N. AM. Eskin, 1995, Solvent Effect on Phase Transition Behavior of Canola Sediment, J.Am.Oil Chem . Soc,72 : 603 -608

Myint, S,W.R.W. Daud, A.B. Mohammad and A.A.H Kadhum, 1996, Temperature Dependent Diffusion Coeffisient of Soluble Substancee During Ethanol Extraction of Clove, J.Am. Oil Chem. Soc,73: 603 -610

Nieh, C.D.and H.E .Snyder, 1991, Solvent Extraction of Oil from Soybean Flour I. Extraction Rate, a Countercurrent System and Oil Quality , J. Am. Oil Chem .Soc, 68 : 248 – 249

Okezie, B.O. and A.B.Bello, 1988, Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Winged Bean Flour and Isolate Compared with Soy Isolate, J. Food Sci, 53 : 450 -454

Priawiwatkul, W.L.R. Beuchat and K.H. Mc.Watters , 1993, Functional Property Changes In Partially Defatted Peanut Flour Caused By Fungal Fermentation and Heat Treatment , J. Food Sci, 58 : 1318 – 1323

Pryawiwatkul, W, l.r. Beuchat, K.H. Mc, Watters and R.D, Pillips, 1996, fermented cowpea flour ; production and chara terizaation of selected physico – chemical properties, J. Fo processing and preservation, 20 : 265-284

Quinn, M.R.and L.R.Beuchat, J. Miller, C.T.Young and R.E Worthington , 1975, Fungal Fermentation Of Peanut Flour: Effects on Chemical Composition an Nutritive Value, J.Food Sci, 40 : 470 – 474.

Rahayu , E.S,R. Indrati, T. Utami , E. Harmayani dan M.N. Cahyanto, 1993, Bahan Pangan Hasil Fermentasi, PAU Pangan dan Gizi, UGM, Yogyakarta

Rhee,K.C.C.M. Cater and K.F. Mattil , 1972, Simultaneous of Protein and Oil from Raw Peanuts in an Aqueous System , J.Food Sci, 37:90 -93

Rustom , I.y.S,M.H L.Leiva and B. M. Nair. 1991, A Study of Affecting Extraction of Peanuts Solids with Water, Food Chemistry,42 : 153 – 165

Ryan , K.J, C.L.H. Ryan ,J. Jenson , K.L Robbins, C. Prestant, and M.S Brewer, 2002, Effect of Lipid Exraction Process on Performance of Texturized Soy Flour Added Wheat Bread, J.Food Sci, 67 : 2385 – 2390

Santerre, C.R, J.W.Goodrum and J.M.Kee, 1994, Roasted Peanuts and Peanut Butter Quality are Affected By Supercritical Fluid Extraction, J. Food Sci, 59 : 382 – 386

Schweitzer, P.A, 1979, Handbook of Separation Technique for Chemical Engineers, pp. v3 – v16, Mc Graw Hill Book Company, New York

Steel, R.G.D. dan J.H.Torrie, 1993, Prinsip dan Prosedur Statistika, Edisi Kedua, Gramedia Utama , Jakarta

Sudarmadji, S.,R. B. Kasmidjo, Sardjono, D.Wibowo, S. Margino dan E.S. Rahayu , 1989, Mikrobiologi Pangan, PAU Pangan dan Gizi, UGM, Yogyakarta

Susiloningsih, E.K.B, 1999, Kinetika Ekstraksi Minyak Dari Biji Kacang Tanah Utuh Dengan Pelarut Heksan, UGM,Yogyakarta (Tesis)

, 2003, Optimasi Jumlah Stage Ekstraksi Minyak Ampas Kacang Tanah Dengan Pelarut Heksan , Prosiding PATPI, Yogyakarta

, 2007, Efek Penambahan Lesitin Terhadap Mutu Minyak Kacang Tanah Selama Penyimpanan, J.Saintek, 11: 35 -41

Usmiati, S.,S.Yuliani, Y.P.Endang, H.Setiyanto dan Y, Setiawati, 2004, Pengembangan Produk Pangan Berbahan Baku Labu Kuning Dalam Peningkatan Daya Saing Pangan Tradisional, Prosiding B2 P4, Bogor.

Wan, P.J., D.B. Pakarinen, R.J.Hron, O.L. Richard and E.J.Conkerton, 1995, Alternative Hydrocarbon Solvents For Cottonseed Extraction, J.Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 72 : 653 – 659

Wattanapat, R.,T.Nakayana , L.R.Beuchat and R.D.Philips, 1994, Kinetics of Acid Hydrolysis of Deffated Peanut Flour, J. Food Sci., 59 : 621-625.

Winarno, F.G.,1997, Kimia Pangan dan Gizi, Gramedia Pustaaka Utama , Jakarta

Woodroof, J.G.,1983, Peanuts : Production, Processing, Product, Third Edition, The AVI Publishing Company, Inc,Westport, Conecticut.

Yuwono, S. dan T. Susanto,2001, Pengujian Sifat Fisik Pangan, Unesa University Press, Surabaya

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.