Response of Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Growth and Yield to Planting Densities and Row Arrangements in Tomato-Basil Intercropping System

Midekesa Chala Mamo

Abstract

Wondo Genet area, which is located in the Sidama zone of south Ethiopia, is characterized by a rapidly increasing human population and scarcity of arable land per household. There is a need for developing an efficient cropping system to use the limited land efficiently and to enhance food security. An experiment was, therefore, was conducted at Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center under irrigated during the 2018 cropping season to examine the growth and yield of sweet basil under different planting densities and row arrangements in tomato-sweet basil Intercropping System. The experiment was conducted with two basil row arrangements (one tomato row alternating with one basil row (1T:1B) or with two basil rows (1T:2B)) and four basil population densities (66666, 50000, 33333 and 16666 plants.ha-1) factorial arrangement in RCBD with three replications each consisting of ten treatments. Results of the study indicated that the row arrangement by planting density interaction significantly influenced the yield of basil with the maximum dry herbal (341.49 kg.ha-1) and essential oil (22.86 kg.ha-1) yields were recorded at 100% basil population density with a 1T:2B row arrangements. The cropping system significantly influenced the essential oil content and essential oil yield of basil. The highest essential oil content (1.26%) and essential oil yield (21.83 kg.ha-1) of basil were obtained at sole planting compared to that of intercropping (0.96%) and (15.36 kg.ha-1) with tomato showing 23.81% and 29.64% reduction, respectively. Therefore, intercropping 100% basil population in tomato by 1T:2B row arrangements could be recommended for Wondo genet and similar agroecology area, based on its better compatibility and productivity.

Keywords

cropping system; essential oil; intercropped

Full Text:

PDF(EN)

References

Abera G, Gerkabo H. 2021. Effects of green manure legumes and their termination time on yield of maize and soil chemical properties. Arch Agron Soil Sci. 67(3):397–409. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2020.1733536.

Adeniyi OR, Omotunde CT. 2001. Effect of Planting Pattern on Growth and Yield of Tomato-Cowpea Intercrops. J Veg Crop Prod. 7(2):75–81. https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v07n02_08.

Akbari GA, Soltani E, Binesh S, Amini F. 2018. Cold tolerance, productivity and phytochemical diversity in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) accessions. Ind Crops Prod. 124(August):677–684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.08.048.

Alemu A, Garedew W, Gebre A. 2018. Essential oil yield and yield components of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as affected by genotype and intrarow spacing at Jimma, SW Ethiopia. Acta Agrobot. 71(3):1–9. https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.1743.

Arsovski AA, Zemke JE, Haagen BD, Kim SH, Nemhauser JL. 2018. Phytochrome B regulates resource allocation in Brassica rapa. J Exp Bot. 69(11):2837–2846. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ery080.

Atghaei M, Sefidkon F, Darini A, Sadeghzadeh Hemayati S, Abdossi V. 2020. Essential Oil Content and Composition of the Spathe in Some Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Varieties in Iran. J Essent Oil-Bearing Plants. 23(2):292–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2020.1743768.

Barickman TC, Brazel S, Sehgal A, Walne CH, Gao W, Reddy KR. 2021. Individual and interactive temporal implications of uv-b radiation and elevated co2 on the morphology of basil (Ocimum basilicum l.). Horticulturae. 7(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7110474.

Benti G, Gemechu F. 2014. Parasitic contamination on vegetables irrigated with Awash River in selected farms, Eastern Showa, Ethiopia. J Parasitol Vector Biol . 5(7):103–109. https://doi.org/10.5897/JPVB2014.0150.

Bhutia KG, Sood M, Bhutia PL. 2018. The effect of different planting time and harvesting schedules on growth and yield of Acorus calamus. Int J Chem Stud. 6(6):1608–1614.

Bisrat D, Abate S, Kebede W. 2001. Technical Manual 23 Manual for Plant Products Analysis. Addis Ababa: EJAR.

Bitew Y, Derebe B, Worku A, Chakelie G. 2021. Response of maize and common bean to spatial and temporal differentiation in maize-common bean intercropping. PLoS One. 16(10 October):1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257203.

Carvalho MG, Bortolotto OC, Ventura MU. 2017. Aromatic plants affect the selection of host tomato plants by Bemisia tabaci biotype B. Entomol Exp Appl. 162(1):86–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.12534.

Crusciol CAC, Nascente AS, Mateus GP, Pariz CM, Martins PO, Borghi E. 2014. Intercropping soybean and palisade grass for enhanced land use efficiency and revenue in a no till system. Eur J Agron. 58:53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2014.05.001.

Daneshnia F, Amini A, Chaichi MR. 2016. Berseem clover quality and basil essential oil yield in intercropping system under limited irrigation treatments with surfactant. Agric Water Manag. 164:331–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.10.036.

Ebenezer KS, Manivannan R, Punniyamoorthy A. 2019. Plant Secondary Metabolites of Antiviral Properties a Rich Medicinal Source for Drug Discovery : A Mini Review. J Drug Deliv Ther. 9(5):161–167.

Ebert AW. 2014. Potential of underutilized traditional vegetables and legume crops to contribute to food and nutritional security, income and more sustainable production systems. Sustainability. 6(1):319–335. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6010319.

Fallah S, Rostaei M, Lorigooini Z, Abbasi Surki A. 2018. Chemical compositions of essential oil and antioxidant activity of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica) in sole crop and dragonhead- soybean (Glycine max) intercropping system under organic manure and chemical fertilizers. Ind Crops Prod. 115(February):158–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.02.003.

Faridvand S, Rezaei-Chiyaneh E, Battaglia ML, Gitari HI, Raza MA, Siddique KHM. 2021. Application of bio and chemical fertilizers improves yield, and essential oil quantity and quality of Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) intercropped with mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). Food Energy Secur.(July). https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.319.

Formisano L, Ciriello M, El-Nakhel C, Kyriacou MC, Rouphael Y. 2021. Successive harvests modulate the productive and physiological behavior of three genovese pesto basil cultivars. Agronomy. 11(3):1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030560.

Gavrić T, Jurković J, Gadžo D, Čengić L, Sijahović E, Bašić F. 2021. Fertilizer effect on some basil bioactive compounds and yield. Cienc e Agrotecnologia. 45. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202145003121.

Gebru H. 2015. A Review on the Comparative Advantage of Intercropping Systems. J Biol Agric Healthc. 5(9):28–38.

Ghaffari Z, Rahimmalek M, Sabzalian MR. 2019. Industrial Crops & Products Variation in the primary and secondary metabolites derived from the isoprenoid pathway in the Perovskia species in response to different wavelengths generated by light emitting diodes (LEDs). Ind Crop Prod. 140(August):111592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111592.

Gomes M, Silva DA, Pedro V, Silva DA. 2021. Biomass production and essential oil content and composition in basil hydroponic systems using treated domestic effluents Producción de biomasa , contenido y composición del aceite esencial de albahaca en sistemas hidropónicos utilizando efluentes domésti. Rev Colomb Ciencias Hortic. 15(2):0–3.

Hage-Ahmed K, Krammer J, Steinkellner S. 2013. The intercropping partner affects arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici interactions in tomato. Mycorrhiza. 23(7):543–550. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-013-0495-x.

Kasim NN, Ismail NASS, Masdar ND, Hamid FA, Nawawi WI. 2014. Extraction and Potential of Cinnamon Essential Oil towards Repellency and Insecticidal Activity. Int J Sci Res Publ. 4(7):2250–3153.

Kebede BL, Bogale T. 2019. Intercropping of Sweet Basil (Ocimum Basilicum L.) with Maize (Zea Mays L.) as Supplementary Income Generation at Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center, South Ethiopia. Int J Res Stud Agric Sci. 5(9). https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0509005.

Lakens D, Caldwell AR. 2021. Simulation-Based Power Analysis for Factorial Analysis of Variance Designs. Adv Methods Pract Psychol Sci. 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245920951503.

Lamlom M, Ahmed A. 2021. Effect of intercropping systems of sesame with tomatoes under different intercropping dates of sesame on productivity of both crops. Egypt J Agric Res. 0(0):0–0. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejar.2021.50952.1044.

Lin K, Huang M, Hsu M. 2021. Scientia Horticulturae Morphological and physiological response in green and purple basil plants (Ocimum basilicum ) under different proportions of red , green , and blue LED lightings. Sci Hortic (Amsterdam). 275(July 2019):109677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109677.

Lulie B. 2017. Intercropping Practice as an Alternative Pathway for Sustainable Agriculture : A review Belstie Lulie Intercropping Practice as an Alternative Pathway for Sustainable Agriculture : A review. Acad Res J Agric Sci Res. 5(6):440-452. https://doi.org/10.14662/ARJASR2017.057.

Machiani MA, Rezaei-Chiyaneh E, Javanmard A, Maggi F, Morshedloo MR. 2019. Evaluation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed yield and quali-quantitative production of the essential oils from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) in intercropping system under humic acid application. J Clean Prod. 235:112–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.241.

Mirjalili SA, Poorazizi E. 2014. Effects of density and cultivation method on ratio and yield of essential oil in basil (Ocimum basilicum L .). Int J Agron Agric Res. 4(4):117–123.

Mishra B, Bose SK, Sangwan NS. 2020. Comparative investigation of therapeutic plant Withania somnifera for yield , productivity , withanolide content , and expression of pathway genes during contrasting seasons. Ind Crop Prod. 154(September 2019):112508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112508.

Nasir S, Regasa T, Yirgu M. 2017. Influenced of Clove Weight and Depth of Planting on Yield and Yield Components of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) at Madawalabu University Experimental Site, Bale Zone, South Eastern Ethiopia. J Agric Environ Sci. 17(3):227–231. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2017.227.231.

Nigussie A, Lulie B, Chala M. 2017. Intercropping of Onion with Rosemary as Supplementary Income Generation at Wondo Genet Sidama zone, Southern Ethiopia. Acad Res J Agric Sci Res. 5(2):107–115.

Nthabiseng T, Irvine KM, Moshibudi PM. 2015. Response of a maize or dry bean intercrop to maize density and dry bean arrangement under rainfed conditions. Int J Agron Agric Res. 6(6):18–29.

Oroka FO. 2011. Water hyacinth-based vermicompost on yield, yield components, and yield advantage of cassava+groundnut intercropping system. J Trop Agric. 50:49–52.

Pereira ALC, Taques TC, Valim JOS, Madureira AP, Campos WG. 2015. The management of bee communities by intercropping with flowering basil (Ocimum basilicum) enhances pollination and yield of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum). J Insect Conserv. 19(3):479–486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-015-9768-3.

Qi D, Wu Z, Yang C, Xie G, Li Z, Yang X, Li D. 2021. Can intercropping with native trees enhance structural stability in young rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) agroforestry system? Eur J Agron. 130(July 2020):126353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2021.126353.

Rao BRR. 2002. Biomass yield, essential oil yield and essential oil composition of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium species) as influenced by row spacings and intercropping with cornmint (Mentha arvensis L.f. piperascens Malinv. ex Holmes). Ind Crops Prod. 16(2):133–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6690(02)00038-9.

Rivest D, Cogliastro A, Olivier A. 2009. Tree-based intercropping systems increase growth and nutrient status of hybrid poplar: A case study from two Northeastern American experiments. J Environ Manage. 91(2):432–440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.09.013.

Roshetko JM, Rohadi D, Perdana A, Sabastian G, Nuryartono N, Pramono AA, Widyani N, Manalu P, Fauzi MA, Sumardamto P, et al. 2013. Teak agroforestry systems for livelihood enhancement, industrial timber production, and environmental rehabilitation. For Trees Livelihoods. 22(4):241–256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2013.855150.

Rostaei M, Fallah S, Lorigooini Z, Abbasi Surki A. 2018. The effect of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on essential oil, chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of dill (Anethum graveolens) in sole and intercropped with soybean (Glycine max). J Clean Prod. 199:18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.141.

Sadeghi S, Rahnavard A, Ashrafi ZY. 2009. The effect of plant density and sowing date on yield of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in Iran. J Agric Technol. 5(2):413–422.

Salaheen S, Biswas D. 2019. Organic farming practices: Integrated culture versus monoculture. Elsevier Inc. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812060-6.00002-7.

Sattler J, Bartelheimer M. 2018. Root responses to legume plants integrate information on nitrogen availability and neighbour identity. Basic Appl Ecol. 27(2017):51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2018.01.001.

Singh S. 2015. Planting row arrangement and nutrient management in geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) - garlic (Allium sativum) intercropping. Indian J Agric Res. 49(5):407–413. https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.v49i5.5802.

Souza MAADE, Braga RP, Santos AMDOS. 2020. Productive , metabolic and anatomical parameters of menthol mint are infl uenced by light intensity. An Acad Bras Cienc. 92:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020180321.

Tujuba M, Ayana NG. 2020. Evaluation of Released Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill .) Varieties for Fruit Yield and Quality Parameters in Western Ethiopia. Agric Biol Sci J Vol. 6(2):100–113.

Yaldiz G, Camlica M. 2021. Agro-morphological and phenotypic variability of sweet basil genotypes for breeding purposes. Crop Sci. 61(1):621–642. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20391.

Yildirim E, Ekİncİ M. 2017. Intercropping Systems in Sustainable Agriculture. Ziraat Fakültesi Derg. 12(1):100–110.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/agrotechresj.v5i2.54333

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.