Pengaruh Ragam Jarak Tanam terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Sawi Hijau Organik

Muhammad Imam Nugraha, Chatimatun Nisa, Riza Adrianoor Saputra

Abstract

Modifying cultivation techniques potentially enhances mustard physical qualities to attain the demanded marketable value. The reputation of organic mustard propels farmers to implement modified cultivation techniques to improve harvest quality further. Planting space is one of the modifiable technical cultivations to achieve sustainable crop production. This research used soil planting media from acid dry land to optimize agricultural land use and cow manure as primary fertilizer to implement organic farming. This research objective is to figure the effect of different planting spaces on the growth and productivity of mustard greens that applied organic cultivation method. The preliminary arrangement of the research was a single-factor randomized block design. The factors were studied with different planting spaces: control without planting spaces, planting space of 20x20, 25x25, 30x30, 35x35, and 40x40 cm2. The outcomes revealed that the mean values of mustard green plant height (13.38 cm) and the number of leaves (9 strands) had significant differences to the control treatment (10 cm plant height and seven strands number of leaf). The results showed that the optimum planting space of organic mustard cultivation was 40x40 cm2 which achieved significantly higher plant height and the number of leaves than the control without planting spaces. This research's planting space of 40x40 cm2 is appropriately suitable for monocropping systems in acid dry land. It can alter plant population and distribute environmental resources for sustaining crop growth and production.

Keywords

Brassica juncea; leaf width; number of leaves; plant height; productivity

Full Text:

PDF(ID)

References

Abourayya MS, Kaseem NE, Mahmoud TSM, Rakha AM, Eisa RA, Amin OA. 2020. Impact of soil application with humic acid and foliar spray of milagro bio-stimulant on vegetative growth and mineral nutrient uptake of nonpareil almond young trees under nubaria conditions. Bull Natl Res Cent. 44(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-020-00296-x.

Abror M, Arrohman JM. 2019. Perlakuan macam media tanam dan jarak tanam yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sawi pakchoi (Brassica rapa L) dengan metode Hidroponik Sistem Wick. Nabatia. 16(1):35–42. doi:10.21070/nabatia.v16i1.453.

Aufanada V, Ekowati T, Prastiwi WD. 2017. Kesediaan membayar (Willingness to Pay) konsumen terhadap produk sayur organik di pasar modern Jakarta Selatan. Agrar J Agribus Rural Dev Res. 3(2):67–75. https://doi.org/10.18196/agr.3246.

[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2018. Statistik tanaman sayuran dan buah-buahan semusim indonesia, 2018. Subdirektorat Statistika Hortikultura, editor. Jakarta (ID): BPS RI.

[BPS Banjarbaru] Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Banjarbaru. 2020. Kecamatan Banjarbaru Selatan dalam Angka 2020. Banjarbaru (ID): BPS Kota Banjarbaru.

Cardoso F, Gomes DCBB, Viegas E. 2019. The influence of different types of manure and planting distance towards the growth and development of plants white mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Int J Dev Res. 09(1):25236–25245.

Dey S, North JA, Sriram J, Evans BS, Tabita FR. 2015. In Vivo studies in Rhodospirillum rubrum indicate that Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase (Rubisco) catalyzes two obligatorily required and physiologically significant reactions for distinct Carbon and Sulfur metabolic pathways. J Biol Chem. 290(52):30658–30668. https://doi..org/10.1074/jbc.M115.691295.

Eviati, Sulaeman. 2009. Petunjuk teknis analisis kimia tanah, air dan pupuk. 2nd ed. Prasetyo BH, Santoso D, Widowati LR (Eds). Bogor (ID): Balai Penelitian Tanah.

Febriyono R, Susilowati YE, Suprapto A. 2017. Peningkatan hasil tanaman kangkung darat (Ipomoea reptans L.) melalui perlakuan jarak tanam dan jumlah tanaman per lubang. J Ilmu Pertan Trop Subtrop. 2(1):22–27.

Hasan MR, Tahsin AKMM, Islam MN, Ali MA, Uddain J. 2017. Growth and yield of lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.) influenced as nitrogen fertilizer and plant spacing. IOSR J Agric Vet Sci. 10(6):62–71. https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1006016271.

Hatfield JL, Dold C. 2019. Photosynthesis in the solar corridor system. In: The solar corridor crop system: Implementation and Impacts. Elsevier Inc. p1–33.

Huang J, Zhao X, Chory J. 2019. The arabidopsis transcriptome responds specifically and dynamically to high light stress resource the arabidopsis transcriptome responds specifically and dynamically to high light stress. Cell Rep. 29(12): 4186-4199.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.051.

Irsyad EP, Yoesdiarti A, Miftah H. 2018. Analisis persepsi dan preferensi konsumen terhadap atribut kualitas sayuran komersial di pasar modern. J Agribisains. 4(2):1–7. https://doi.org/10.30997/jagi.v4i2.1561.

Karima AN, Oginawati K. 2020. Utilization of livestock manure for fertilizer on mustard green and lettuce as an application of cleaner production. Res Environ Sci Eng. 1(2):54–60.

Kirschbaum MUF. 2011. Does enhanced photosynthesis enhance growth? lessons learned from CO2 enrichment studies. Plant Physiol. 155(1):117–124. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.166819.

Kremer RJ, Deichman CL. 2016. The solar corridor: a new paradigm for sustainable crop production. Adv Plants Agric Res. 4(3):273–274. https://doi.org/10.15406/apar.2016.04.00136.

Kumar K, Kumar Y, Katiyar NK. 2018. Effect of plant geometry, nitrogen level and antitranspirants on physiological growth, yield attributes, WUE and economics of mustard (Brassica Juncea) under semi-arid conditions of Western Uttar Pradesh. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 7(2):226–229.

Lathifah A, Jazilah S. 2018. Pengaruh intensitas cahaya dan macam pupuk kandang terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman sawi putih (Brassica pekinensia L.). Biofarm. 14(1):1–8.

Li T, Zhang Y, Dai J, Dong H, Kong X. 2019. High plant density inhibits vegetative branching in cotton by altering hormone contents and photosynthetic production. F Crop Res. 230:121–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2018.10.016.

Nasution AS, Awalluddin, Siregar MS. 2014. Pemberian pupuk ABG (Amazing Bio Growth) dan pupuk kompos terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman sawi hijau (Brassica Juncea L. Coss). Agrium. 18(3):260–268.

Ngozi EA, Chidera VO. 2017. The effect of plant density on growth and yield of NsukkaYellow aromatic pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). African J Agric Res. 12(15):1269–1277. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajar2016.11923.

Niraula N, Timilsina A. 2020. Effects of seeding density on growth attributes of broadleaf mustard in nursery bed. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol. 8(1):65–70. https://doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v8i1.28257.

Noel H. 2009. Consumer behaviour. Lausanne (CH): AVA Publishing SA.

Permana G, Widjayanthi L. 2019. Faktor pendorong anggota PATRA dalam mendukung pertanian organik di Desa Lombok Kulon Kecamatan Wonosari Kabupaten Bondowoso. In: Pembangunan pertanian dan peran pendidikan tinggi agribisnis: Peluang dan tantangan di era industri 4.0. Jember (ID): Universitas Jember. p511–516.

Pribadi GY, Roviq M, Wardiyanti T. 2014. Pertumbuhan dan produktivitas sawi pak choy (Brasica rapa L.) pada umur transplanting dan pemberian mulsa organik. J Produksi Tanam. 2(1):41–49.

Purnama RH, Santoso SJ, Hardiatmi S. 2013. Pengaruh dosis pupuk kompos enceng gondok dan jarak tanam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman sawi (Brassica juncea L.). INNOFARM J Inov Pertan. 12(2):95–107.

Rahman A, Islam MN, Fatima S, Rasal-Monir M, Kirtania M, Ahamed KU. 2019. Effect of different sowing methods and varieties on the yield of mustard (Brassica campestris L.). Int J Adv Agric Sci. 4(10):8–19.

Ramadhan RL. 2020. Preferensi konsumen terhadap atribut sayuran organik di kota Palembang. Skripsi. Palembang (ID): Universitas Sriwijaya.

Ritung S, Suryani E, Subardja D, Sukarman, Nugroho K, Suparto, Hikmatullah, Mulyani A, Tafakresnanto C, Sulaeman Y, et al. 2015. Sumber daya lahan pertanian Indonesia: luas, penyebaran dan potensi ketersediaan. Husen E, Agus F, Nursyamsi D (Eds). Bogor (ID): IAARD Press.

Sangadji Z. 2018. Kajian sistem budidaya tanaman sawi (Brassica juncea L.) di petani Kelurahan Malawele Distrik Aimas Kabupaten Sorong. Median J Ilmu-Ilmu Eksakta. 9(1):16–24. https://doi.org/10.33506/md.v9i1.312.

Sarido L, Junia. 2017. Uji Pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) dengan pemberian pupuk organik cair pada sistem hidroponik. AGRIFOR. 16(1):65–74.

Sholihah A, Nurhidayati N. 2018. IbM Kelompok Tani Hortikultura dalam rangka perbaikan manajemen produksi kompos. JIPEMAS. 1(2):94.

Sondhiya R, Pandey R, Namdeo KN. 2019. Effect of plant spacings on growth, yield and quality of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotype. Ann Plant Soil Res. 21(2):172–176.

Thakur G, Singh AK, Maurya PK. 2018. Effect of plant spacing on fruit quality of capsicum (Capsicum annuum L) hybrid buffalo under natural ventilated polyhouse. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 7(05):298–302. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.705.038.

Vialet-Chabrand S, Matthews JSA, Simkin AJ, Raines CA, Lawson T. 2017. Importance of fluctuations in light on plant photosynthetic acclimation. Plant Physiol. 173(4):2163–2179. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.16.01767.

Wahyudi D. 2020. Pengaruh jarak tanam dan pemberian pupuk SP-36 terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman padi sawah (Oryza Sativa L.). Medan (ID): Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara.

Wibowo SA, Sunaryo Y, Pamungkas DH. 2018. Pengaruh pemberian naungan dengan intensitas cahaya yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil berbagai jenis tanaman sawi (Brassica juncea L.). Agroust. 2(1).

Winarsih D, Prihastanti E, Saptiningsih E. 2012. Kadar serat dan kadar air serta penampakan fisik produk pascapanen daun caisim (Brassica juncea L.) yang ditanam pada media dengan penambahan pupuk organik hayati cair dan pupuk anorganik. Bioma. 14(1): 25–32. https://doi.org/10.14710/bioma.14.1.25-32.

Yan P, Pan J, Zhang W, Shi J, Chen X, Cui Z. 2017. A High plant density reduces the ability of maize to use soil nitrogen. PLoS One. 12(2):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172717.

Yasmin TR, Prastiwi WD, Handayani M. 2017. Analisis konjoin preferensi konsumen sayuran hidroponik agrofarm bandungan Kabupaten Semarang. Agrisocionomics J Sos Ekon Pertan. 1(1):85–93. https://doi.org/10.14710/agrisocionomics.v1i1.1643.

Yetti H, Ardian. 2010. Pengaruh penggunaan jarak tanam terhadap tertumbuhan dan produksi padi sawah (Oryza sativa L.) varietas IR 42 dengan metode SRI (System of Rice Intensification). SAGU. 9(1):21–27.

Yordanova M, Nikolov A. 2017. influence of plant density and mulching on growth and yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. romana L.). Int J Environ Agric Res. 3(10):10–14. https://doi.org/10.25125/agriculture-journal-ijoear-oct-2017-1.

Yosidah A, Fajeri H, Septiana N. 2020. Tingkat motivasi petani sayur pada budidaya sayur semi organik dan sayur anorganik di Kelurahan Landasan Ulin Utara, Kota Banjarbaru. Front Agribisnis. 4(2):98–107.

Yulisma. 2011. Pertumbuhan dan hasil beberapa varietas jagung pada berbagai jarak tanam. J Penelit Pertan Tanam Pangan. 30(3):196–203.

Yurlisa K, Maghfoer MD, Aini N, Sumiya Dwi Yamika W. 2018. Preferensi konsumen terhadap atribut kualitas tiga jenis sayuran indigenous di Jawa Timur, Indonesia. J Hortik Indones. 9(3):158–166. https://doi.org/10.29244/jhi.9.3.158-166.

Yustina I, Sa’adah Z, Aziz FN. 2017. Kajian kualitas pasca panen sawi (Brassica Juncea L.) yang dipupuk menggunakan tiga jenis pupuk kandang dan urea. In: Hurasan S, Male D, Raharjo SHT, Jambornias E, Putuhuru F, Matitaputty PR, Hidayah I, Alfons JB (Eds). Mewujudkan Kedaulatan Pangan pada Lahan Sub Optimal Melalui Inovasi Teknologi Pertanian Spesifik Lokasi. Bogor (ID): Balai Besar Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian. p523–528.

Zhai L, Xie R, Ming B, Li S, Ma D. 2018. Evaluation and analysis of intraspecific competition in maize: A case study on plant density experiment. J Integr Agric. 17(10):2235–2244. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61917-3.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/agrotechresj.v5i2.51845

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.