Characterization of Local Rice Varieties and Their Fe and Zn Contents in Agam Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Desi Ratna Sari; Yurma Metri; Budi Santosa; Ryan Budi Setyawan; Elvi Susantia; Bryan Heryra Subiantoro; Maisar Kamila

doi:10.20961/agrotechresj.v10i1.111791

Characterization of Local Rice Varieties and Their Fe and Zn Contents in Agam Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Desi Ratna Sari, Yurma Metri, Budi Santosa, Ryan Budi Setyawan, Elvi Susantia, Bryan Heryra Subiantoro, Maisar Kamila

Abstract

Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), remain a critical global health challenge. Biofortification of rice offers a cost-effective and sustainable solution. This study aimed to characterize morphological grain traits and evaluate Fe and Zn content in three locally registered rice varieties Kuruik Kusuik, Ampek Angkek, and Kusuik Putiah from Agam Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Fe and Zn contents in brown rice (beras pecah kulit/BPK) were determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrophotometry (X-Supreme 8000, Oxford Instruments). Results showed that Kuruik Kusuik exhibited the largest grain size, with the highest Fe content (21.2 ± 0.8 mg kg^-1) and Zn content (22.8 ± 0.6 mg kg^-1) among local varieties. Compared to the national biofortified standard Inpari Nutri Zinc (Fe: 24.0 mg kg^-1; Zn: 33.1 mg kg^-1), Kuruik Kusuik showed Fe and Zn values approximately 11.7 and 31.1% lower, respectively. Notably, all three varieties are officially registered and possess a pera (non-sticky) texture uniquely preferred by Minangkabau communities—a trait absent in all existing biofortified varieties. The documentation of registered local rice varieties with pera texture and relatively high Fe and Zn content is the key novelty of this study. Further breeding using marker-assisted selection is recommended to improve mineral content while preserving local variety advantages.

Keywords

Biofortification; Fe and Zn content; Local rice varieties; Morphological characterization; Nutritional quality

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/agrotechresj.v10i1.111791