Klasifikasi Genom dan Hubungan Kekerabatan Tanaman Pisang (Musa spp.) di Kabupaten Rokan Hulu berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi

Zulfahmi Zulfahmi, Nurliana Nurliana, Rosmaina Rosmaina

Abstract

Banana is a fruit crop cultivated by the community of rokan hulu from generation to generation. The knowledge comprehensive on the banana crop in Rokan Hulu Regency is unavailable and its information an important to conservation and breeding program in the future. This study aimed to determine the genome classification and the genetic relationship among banana cultivars (Musa spp.) at Rokan Hulu District. The morphological characterization was performed by following the International Plant Genetic Resource Institute (IPGRI) standard. This study has successfully identified sixteen local banana cultivars. Based on morphological character that sixteen banana cultivars can be grouped into three genomes, first group was AA/AAA genome that consisted of Lidi, Somanih, Sminyak, Lomakmanih, and Pinang banana cultivars, second group was AAB genome that consisted of Sawak, Kapas, Bunga, Barangan, Udang, Raja, Mantan, Nangka, and Kapal cultivars, and last group was ABB genome that consisted of Batu and Kepok banana cultivars. The morphology similarity among cultivars ranged from 0.49 to 0.98. The lowest value of morphology similarity was observed between Nangka and Udang cultivars, meanwhile, the highest value of morphology similarity was observed between Mantan and Somanih cultivars. Dendrogram UPGMA based on morphological similarity (68%) clustered all cultivars into four main groups. The first cluster consisted of Batu, Raja, Nangka, Barangan, and Kapas banana cultivars, The second group consisted of Sawak and Pinang banana cultivars. The third group consisted of Lomakmanih, Sminyak, Mantan, Lidi, Kapal, and Somanih banana cultivars, and the fourth group consisted of Bunga dan Udang banana cultivar. The clustering result did not reflected genome classification of banana cultivar. The results of this study could be used as the basic information to formulate the breeding and conservation strategies of banana in Rokan Hulu regency in the future.

Keywords

Characterization; Morphology; Musa spp., genome; Rokan Hulu

Full Text:

PDF

References

Baysal, F., & Erci̇Sli̇, S. (2022). Morphological and molecular characterization of banana clones growing in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany, 46(3), 230–243. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008X.2684

Gusmiati, L. H., Hapsari, L., & Wahyudi, D. (2018). Keragaman dan Pengelompokan Morfologi 10 Pisang Olahan (Musa cv. Grup ABB) Koleksi Kebun Raya Purwodadi LIPI. Floribunda, 5(8), Article 8. https://doi.org/10.32556/floribunda.v5i8.2018.220

Hapsari, L., Fauziah, & Trimanto. (2017). Morphology and Molecular Identification of Local Cultivars of Pisang Raja (Musa spp.) from Yogyakarta, Central Java and East Java, Indonesia. Proceeding of The International Conference on Tropical Plant Conservation and Utilization, 205–214.

Hapsari, L., Wahyudi, D., Azrianingsih, R., & Arumingtyas, L. E. (2015). Genome identification of bananas (Musa L.) from East Java Indonesia assessed with PCR-RFLP of the internal transcribed spacers nuclear ribosomal DNA. International Journal of Biosciences, 7(3), 42–52. https://doi.org/10.12692/ijb/7.3.42-52

IPGRI. (1996). Descriptors for banana (Musa spp.). International Plant Genetic Resources Institute. https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/72799

Probojati, R. T., Listyorini, D., Sulisetijono, S., & Wahyudi, D. (2021). Phylogeny and estimated genetic divergence times of banana cultivars (Musa spp.) from Java Island by maturase K (matK) genes. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 45(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-021-00492-3

Rodrigues, M. A., Amorim, E. P., Ferreira, C. F., Ledo, C. A. S., & Santana, J. R. F. (2017). Genetic variability in banana diploids and nonparametric statistics of fragments associated with natural fruit finger drop. Genetics and Molecular Research, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.4238/gmr16039554

Rohlf, F. (1998). NTSYSpc: Numerical Taxanomy. Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York.

Safhi, F. A., Alshamrani, S. M., Alshaya, D. S., Hussein, M. A. A., & Abd El-Moneim, D. (2023). Genetic Diversity Analysis of Banana Cultivars (Musa sp.) in Saudi Arabia Based on AFLP Marker. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 45(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45030116

Saranya, S., Rani, A., Raveendran, M., Kalaiyarasi, R., & Auxcilia, J. (2021). Molecular characterization of diploid and triploid banana germplasms through DNA fingerprinting using ISSR markers. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 10(10), 1876–1882.

Silayoi, B., & Chomchalow, N. (1987). Cytotaxonomic and Morphological Studies of Thai Banana Cultivars. In: Persley GJ, De Langhe EA (Eds.). Proceedings Banana and Plantain Breeding Strategies, 12, 157–160.

Simangunsong, A. D., & Damanhuri, R. (2017). Eksplorasi dan Karakterisasi Pisang Mas (Musa spp) di Kabupaten Nganjuk, Mojokerto, Lumajang dan Kediri. Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman, 5(3), 363–367.

Simmonds, N. W., & Shepherd, K. (1955). The taxonomy and origins of the cultivated bananas. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 55(359), 302–312. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1955.tb00015.x

Šimoníková, D., Němečková, A., Čížková, J., Brown, A., Swennen, R., Doležel, J., & Hřibová, E. (2020). Chromosome Painting in Cultivated Bananas and Their Wild Relatives (Musa spp.) Reveals Differences in Chromosome Structure. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(21), 7915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217915

Singh, W. R., Singh, S. S., & Shrivastava, K. (2014). Analysis of banana genome groups of wild and cultivated cultivars of Manipur, India using sScore card method. Advances in Applied Science Research, 5(1), 0–0.

Zulfahmi, Z. (2013). Penanda DNA Untuk Analisis Genetik Tanaman. Jurnal Agroteknologi, 3(2), 41–52.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/agsjpa.v26i1.78744