The Effect of Nanoparticles Andrographis paniculata (Sambiloto) Extract on IL-10 and TNF-α Levels in Wistar Rats Infected with Listeria monocytogenes

Firdanianti Ulfa, Helmia Farida, Neni Susilaningsih

Abstract

Introduction: World Health Organization (WHO) determines Listeria monocytogenes as one of the four major bacteria that cause foodborne disease. During L. monocytogenes infection, TNF-α with IFN-γ activates macrophages for the inflammatory process. In the middle of infection, NK cells produce IL-10 to prevent excessive inflammation. Andrographis paniculata (sambiloto in Indonesia) has been known as a traditional medicine for generations. It has been previously known that administration of A. paniculata to mice with rheumatoid arthritis showed an increase in IL-10 cytokine activity in spleen samples. In addition, it also downregulates the production of inflammatory mediators such as Nitric Oxide (NO) and TNF-α. The extracts are converted into nano-sized particles to be easily absorbed by cells, thus allowing the delivery of active substances to the targeted location. This study aims to determine A. paniculata's effect on IL-10 and TNF-α cytokines in rats infected with L. monocytogenes.

Methods: This study used 30 male Wistar rats infected with L. monocytogenes (except in the normal group). The animals were divided into 6 groups, i.e. Normal group, Negative Control group (K-), EAP200, nEAP100, nEAP200, and nEAP400. Crude extract of A. paniculata 200 mg/kg BW, nanoparticles of A. paniculata extract 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW, and 400 mg/kg BW were administered for 7 days to the EAP200, nEAP100, nEAP200, and nEAP400 groups, respectively.

Results: The IL-10 and TNF-α levels in EAP200, nEAP100, nEAP200, and nEAP400 were significantly lower than the K- group. The lowest levels of IL-10 and TNF-α were in the nEAP400 group.

Conclusion: Administration of A. paniculata extract nanoparticles decreased IL-10 and TNF-α levels in infected Wistar rats. The lowest levels of IL-10 and TNF-α were found in the nanoparticle group which received 400 mg/kg BW.

Keywords

Listeriosis; Sambiloto; Nanoparticle; IL-10; TNF-α

Full Text:

PDF

References

  1. Pitts M, D’Orazio S. A Comparison of Oral and Intravenous Mouse Models of Listeriosis. Pathogens. 2018;7(1):13. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens7010013
  2. Yu T, Jiang X, Xu X, Jiang C, Kang R, Jiang X. Andrographolide Inhibits Biofilm and Virulence in Listeria monocytogenes as a Quorum-Sensing Inhibitor. Molecules. 2022;27(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103234
  3. Smith A, Hearn J, Taylor C, et al. Listeria monocytogenes isolates from ready to eat plant produce are diverse and have virulence potential. Int J Food Microbiol. 2019;299:23-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.03.013
  4. Rajanna M, Bharathi B, Shivakumar BR, et al. Immunomodulatory effects of Andrographis paniculata extract in healthy adults – An open-label study. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2021;12(3):529-534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2021.06.004
  5. Zhang L, Bao M, Liu B, et al. Effect of Andrographolide and Its Analogs on Bacterial Infection: A Review. Pharmacology. 2020;105(3-4):123-134. https://doi.org/10.1159/000503410
  6. Jayakumar T, Hsieh CY, Lee JJ, Sheu JR. Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology of Andrographis paniculata and Its Major Bioactive Phytoconstituent Andrographolide. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013;2013:1-16. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/846740
  7. Sani D, Ramli N, Kirby B, Sumon S, Basri H, Stanslas J. Andrographolide downregulates pro‐inflammatory cytokines and free radical productions to prevent dopaminergic neuro‐degeneration induced by lipopolysaccharide (1143.16). The FASEB Journal. 2014;28(S1). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1143.16
  8. Yuan H, Ma Q, Ye L, Piao G. The Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine from Natural Products. Molecules. 2016;21(5):559. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21050559
  9. Namdari M, Eatemadi A, Soleimaninejad M, Hammed AT. A brief review on the application of nanoparticle enclosed herbal medicine for the treatment of infective endocarditis. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2017;87:321-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.099
  10. Joseph RR, Venkatraman SS. Drug delivery to the eye: what benefits do nanocarriers offer? Nanomedicine. 2017;12(6):683-702. https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2016-0379
  11. Silva P, Bonifácio B, Ramos M, Negri K, Maria Bauab T, Chorilli M. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems and herbal medicines: a review. Int J Nanomedicine. Published online December 2013:1. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S52634
  12. Patra JK, Das G, Fraceto LF, et al. Nano based drug delivery systems: recent developments and future prospects. J Nanobiotechnology. 2018;16(1):71. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-018-0392-8
  13. Zahrani K, Imansari F, Utami TS, Arbianti R. Release Profile of Andrographis paniculata Leaf Extract Nanocapsule as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2017;214:012020. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/214/1/012020
  14. D’orazio SEF. Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses during Listeria monocytogenes Infection. Published online 2019. https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec
  15. Jantan I, Ahmad W, Bukhari SNA. Plant-derived immunomodulators: An insight on their preclinical evaluation and clinical trials. Front Plant Sci. 2015;6(AUG). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00655
  16. Abreu C, Magro F, Vilas-Boas F, Lopes S, Macedo G, Sarmento A. Listeria infection in patients on anti-TNF treatment: Report of two cases and review of the literature. J Crohns Colitis. 2013;7(2):175-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crohns.2012.04.018
  17. Xia P, Wang S, Ye B, et al. Sox2 functions as a sequence-specific DNA sensor in neutrophils to initiate innate immunity against microbial infection. Nat Immunol. 2015;16(4):366-375. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.3117

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/smj.v8i1.99782

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.