The Correlation Between Physical Activity and Kidney Stone Formation: A Literature Review

Budi Hernawan, Nico Gonzales

Abstract

Background: Kidney stones or nephrolithiasis is a disease where crystals form in kidney due to increased excretion of stones-forming components such as calcium, oxalate, uric acid, cystine, xanthine, and phosphate, or reduced urine volume. In addition, poor eating and drinking habits along with lack of physical activity put individuals at a high risk of developing kidney stones. Previous studies showed that physical activity can both reduce and increase the risk of kidney stones.

Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship between physical activity and formation of kidney stones.

Method: A literature review design was used by conducting a journal search through PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases using the keywords ("kidney stone" OR nephrolithiasis OR urolithiasis OR "renal calculi") AND ("physical activity" OR exercise)".

Results: The results showed a total of 15 articles that discussed correlation between physical activity and kidney stones formation. Ten articles explained that physical activity reduced kidney stones formation, while four reported no significant effect. The last article stated that physical activity increased kidney stones formation

Conclusion: Kidney stones formation occurred through the exacerbation of hypercalciuria in the absence of physical activity. Moderate physical activity reduced formation of kidney stones by decreasing calcium excretion in the urine. Meanwhile, excessive physical activity increased the occurrence of kidney stones in the absence of adequate fluid intake.

Keywords

Physical Activity; Kidney Stone; Nephrolithiasis

Full Text:

PDF

References

1. York, N.E., Zheng, M., Elmansy, H.M., Rivera, M.E., Krambeck, A.E., Lingeman, J.E. Stone-free Outcomes of Flexible Ureteroscopy for Renal Calculi Utilizing Computed Tomography Imaging. Urology. 2019; 124:52-6.

2. Alelign, T., Petros, B. Kidney Stone Disease: An Update on Current Concepts. Adv Urol. 2018; 3068365.

3. Jobs, K., Rakowska, M., Paturej, A. 2018. Urolithiasis in the pediatric population - current opinion on epidemiology, patophysiology, diagnostic evaluation and treatment. Dev Period Med. 2018; 22(2):201-8.

4. Depkes RI. Hasil Riskesdas 2013-Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.

5. D'Alessandro, C., Ferraro, P. M., Cianchi, C., Barsotti, M., Gambaro, G., & Cupisti, A. Which Diet for Calcium Stone Patients: A Real-World Approach to Preventive Care. Nutrients. 2019; 11(5):1182.

6. Aune, D., Mahamat-Saleh, Y., Norat, T., and Riboli, E. Bodyfatness, diabetes, physical activity and risk of kidney stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Epidemiol. 2018; 33(11): 1033-47

7. Jones, P., Karim Sulaiman, S., Gamage, K.N., Tokas, T., Jamnadass, E. and Somani, B.K. Do lifestyle factors including smoking, alcohol, and exercise impact your risk of developing kidney stone disease? Outcomes of a systematic review. Journal of Endourology, 2021; 35(1):1-7.

8. Marzali, A., Menulis Kajian Literatur. Jurnal Etnosia, 2016; 1(2):27-36.

9. Piercy, K.L., Troiano, R.P., Ballard, R.M., Carlson, S.A., Fulton, J.E., Galuska, D.A., George, S.M. and Olson, R.D. The physical activity guidelines for Americans. Jama, 2018; 320(19), pp.2020-2028.

10. Azimi, T., Eghtesadi, S. and Abbasi, B. The Comparison of Major Dietary Patterns in People with and without Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone: A Case-Control Study. Journal of Nutrition and Food Security, 2020; 5(4):365-76.

11. Baharudin, N.N., Shahar, S. and Zainuddin, Z.M. Dietary and lifestyle factors and its risk to kidney stone disease: a case control study at UKM Medical Centre. Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia (Malaysian Journal of Health Sciences), 2017; 15(1).

12. Bazyar, H., Ahmadi, A., Javid, A.Z., Irani, D., Sartang, M.M. and Haghighizadeh, M.H. The association between dietary intakes and stone formation in patients with urinary stones in Shiraz. Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2019; 33:8.

13. Chen, J.X., Yu, X.X., Ye, Y., Yang, X.B., Tan, A.H., Xian, X.Y., Wei, S.C., Long, J. and Mo, Z.N. Association between recreational physical activity and the risk of upper urinary calculi. Urologia internationalis, 2017; 98(4):403-10.

14. Fagagnini, S., Heinrich, H., Rossel, J.B., Biedermann, L., Frei, P., Zeitz, J., Spalinger, M., Battegay, E., Zimmerli, L., Vavricka, S.R. and Rogler, G. Risk factors for gallstones and kidney stones in a cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. PloS one, 2017; 12(10):e0185193.

15. Farooq, M.U., Zaman, F.U., Mustafa, S.H., Khan, A., Shah, M.T., Sajjad, M.W., Sohail, M.W. and Islam, M. Dietary and drinking habits in patients admitted with nephrolithiasis. Independent Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2018; 1(03:133-7.

16. Feng, X., Wu, W., Zhao, F., Xu, F., Han, D., Guo, X. and Lyu, J. Association between physical activity and kidney stones based on dose–response analyses using restricted cubic splines. European Journal of Public Health, 2020; 30(6):1206-11.

17. Fitriyani, F. and Wardi, V. Risk Factors Related to the Crystalluria Case among Workers at Welding Department of Automotive Industry X Jakarta. Conference Procedingof third Andalas International Public Health. 2020

18. Fujishiro, A., Matsuno, R., Omachi, T., Yamazoe, T., Okano, M. and Kaneko, K. Multiple urolithiases in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Indian Journal of Child Health, 2021; 8(9):340-2.

19. Marić, I., Kizivat, T., Smolić, M., Smolić, R., Opačak-Bernardi, T., Šolić, K., Roguljić, H., Milas Ahić, J., Tucak, A. and Mihaljević, I. Lifestyle risk factors and bone mass in recurrent stone-forming patients: A cross-sectional study in 144 subjects. Acta Clinica Croatica, 2019; 58(3):439-45.

20. Mathiyalagen, P., Neelakantan, A., Balusamy, K., Vasudevan, K., Cherian, J. and Sunderamurthy, B. A case–control study on environmental and biological risk factors for renal calculi persisting in a coastal Union Territory, India. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2017; 6(1), 126.

21. Niroomand, H., Rezaei, V. and Mirzaii-Dizgah, M.R. Nutritional Habits in Patients with Urinary Tract Stones Referred to Imam Reza Hospital in 2019. Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research, 2020; 8(1).

22. Ryu, H. Y., Lee, Y. K., Park, J., Son, H., and Cho, S. Y. Dietary Risk Factors for Urolithiasis in Korea: A Case-Control Pilot Study. Investing Clin Urol, 2018; 59(2):106-11

23. Trinchieri, A., Croppi, E., Simonelli, G., Sciorio, C. and Montanari, E. Anthropometric variables, physical activity and dietary intakes of patients with uric acid nephrolithiasis. Urolithiasis, 2020; 48(2):123-9.

24. Venugopal, V., Latha, P.K., Shanmugam, R., Krishnamoorthy, M., Srinivasan, K., Perumal, K. and Chinnadurai, J.S. Risk of kidney stone among workers exposed to high occupational heat stress-A case study from southern Indian steel industry. Science of The Total Environment, 2020; 722:137619.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/smj.v6i2.71483

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.