EFEK ANTI HISTAMIN EKSTRAK DAUN JAMBU BIJI PADA TIKUS PUTIH YANG DIINDUKSI OVALBUMIN DINILAI DARI JUMLAH EOSINOFIL JARINGAN KULIT

RENDRA RISTIAN WIBOWO, RATIH DEWI YUDHANI, NOVAN ADI SETYAWAN

Abstract

                                                     ABSTRAK

Pendahuluan: Prevalensi dan keparahan penyakit alergi terus meningkat secara global, terutama di negara dengan pendapatan rendah sampai menengah. Terapi alergi saat ini seperti kortikosteroid banyak memberikan efek samping dalam penggunaan jangka panjang. Ekstrak daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava) berpotensi sebagai antihistamin yang dapat menjadi terapi alternatif penyakit alergi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antihistamin ekstrak daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava) pada tikus putih (Rattus novergicus) yang diinduksi ovalbumin dinilai dari jumlah eosinofil jaringan kulit.   

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi experimental design dengan rancangan post test only with control group design. Subjek penelitian tikus putih jantan, umur 3-4 bulan, dan berat badan 200-300 gram. Sampel 24 ekor tikus putih dibagi secara random menjadi enam kelompok. Kelompok kontrol normal (K) tanpa perlakuan, kontrol negatif (KN) hanya diinduksi ovalbumin, kontrol positif (KP) diberikan metilprednisolon, dan kelompok perlakuan (KP1, KP2, KP3) diberikan ekstrak daun jambu biji dengan dosis berikut 27 mg/200 gramBB, 54 mg/200 gramBB, dan 108 mg/200 gramBB. Efek antihistamin dinilai melalui gambaran histopatologi jaringan kulit berupa rata-rata jumlah infiltrasi eosinofil dengan menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis dan dilanjutkan uji Post Hoc Mann Whitney (α= 0,05).

Hasil: Uji Kruskal Wallis menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan di antara enam kelompok perlakuan (p=0,00). Uji Post Hoc Mann Whitney menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan di antara semua pasangan kelompok (p=<0,05). KP3 menunjukkan rerata jumlah eosinofil lebih rendah daripada KP dan signifikan (p=0,021).  

Kesimpulan: Ekstrak daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava) memiliki efek antihistamin dengan menurunkan infiltrasi eosinofil pada jaringan kulit tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang dinduksi ovalbumin.

Kata Kunci: Ekstrak daun jambu biji, eosinofil, tikus putih, histopatologi kulit.

 ABSTRACT

Introduction: The prevalence and severity of allergic diseases continues to increase globally, especially in countries with low to middle income. Current allergic therapies such as corticosteroids have many side effects in long-term use. Guava leaf extract (Psidium guajava) has the potential as an antihistamine which can be an alternative therapy for allergic diseases. This study aims to determine the effect of antihistamine extract of guava leaves (Psidium guajava) on white rats (Rattus novergicus) induced by ovalbumin assessed from the number of eosinophils of skin tissue.

 

Methods: This research was a quasi experimental design with a post test only design with control group design. The research subjects were male white rats, aged 3-4 months, and weighing 200-300 grams. Samples of 24 white rats were randomly divided into six groups. Normal (K) control group without treatment, negative control (KN) was only induced by ovalbumin, positive control (KP) was given methylprednisolone, and treatment groups (KP1, KP2, KP3) were given guava leaf extract with the following dosage 27 mg / 200 gram BW, 54 mg / 200 gram BW, and 108 mg / 200 gram BW. The effect of antihistamines was assessed through histopathology of skin tissue in the form of an average number of eosinophil infiltrations using a light microscope. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test and followed by the Mann Whitney Post Hoc test (α = 0.05).

Result: The Kruskal Wallis test showed significant differences between the six treatment groups (p = 0.00). The Mann Whitney Post Hoc test showed significant differences between all group pairs (p = <0.05). KP3 shows the average number of eosinophils lower than KP and significant (p = 0.021).

Conclusion: Guava leaf extract (Psidium guajava) has an antihistamine effect by reducing eosinophil infiltration in ovalbumin-induced white rat (Rattus norvegicus) skin tissue.

Keywords: Guava leaf extract; eosinophil; skin histopathology

Keywords

Ekstrak daun jambu biji, eosinofil, tikus putih, histopatologi kulit.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/smj.v2i2.33074

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