Perbedaan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Hipertensi Ringan yang Melakukan Exercise dan Tidak Melakukan Exercise di Posyandu Lansia

Saiful Hidayat, Yuliana Heri Suselo, Dhoni Akbar Ghozali

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Pendahuluan: Hipertensi diderita oleh sekitar 1,13 milyar orang di seluruh dunia, di mana prevalensinya lebih banyak pada lansia dan mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas hidup mereka. Exercise dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup melalui efeknya pada peningkatan kesehatan fisik dan mental. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa kualitas hidup pasien hipertensi ringan yang melakukan exercise lebih baik dibandingkan pasien hipertensi ringan yang tidak melakukan exercise di posyandu lansia.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental quasi dengan posttest only control group design. Subjek adalah wanita berusia 45-70 tahun dengan hipertensi ringan, mampu membaca dan menulis, tidak merokok, tidak rutin meminum obat anti hipertensi, tidak memiliki penyakit terminal, dan telah rutin mengikuti kegiatan senam lansia selama satu tahun untuk kelompok pertama. Subjek berjumlah 35 orang yang dibagi dalam dua kelompok, kelompok pertama sejumlah 18 orang mendapatkan perlakuan berupa exercise berdurasi 10 menit selama 3 kali seminggu, sedangkan kelompok kedua yang berjumlah 17 orang sebagai kontrol. Kualitas hidup diukur menggunakan kuesioner SF-36 versi Bahasa Indonesia yang terdiri dari delapan domain yaitu fungsi fisik, peran fisik, peran emosional, energi, kesehatan emosional, fungsi sosial, nyeri, dan kesehatan umum. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji t independent dan Mann Whitney dengan tingkat kemaknaan α=0,05.

Hasil: Kualitas hidup kelompok pertama lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kedua pada semua domain. Akan tetapi, hanya tiga domain yang menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan yaitu fungsi fisik (p=0,003), peran fisik (p=0,013), dan energi (p=0,016).

Kesimpulan: Pasien hipertensi ringan yang melakukan exercise memiliki kualitas hidup yang lebih baik dibandingkan pasien hipertensi ringan yang tidak melakukan exercise di posyandu lansia.

 

Introduction: Hypertension affects around 1.13 billion people worldwide. The prevalence mostly are elderly and reduce their quality of life. Exercise improves quality of life through improving physical and mental health. This study aims to prove the quality of life of patients with mild hypertension who exercise were better than those who do not exercise at Posyandu Lansia.

Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with posttest only control group design. Subjects were women aged 45-70 years with mild hypertension, literate, do not smoke, do not regularly take anti-hypertensive drugs, and without terminal illness. In the first group there was an additional criteria, that was had been exercising regularly for one year. Thirty-five subjects were divided into two groups, the first group of 18 people received treatment in the form of 10 minutes of exercise three times a week for four weeks, the second group of 17 people as controls. The research was conducted at Posyandu Lansia in the working area of Puskesmas Pucang Sawit, Surakarta, Indonesia. Quality of life was measured using the Indonesian version of the SF-36 questionnaire which was consisted of eight domains, namely physical function, physical role, emotional role, energy, emotional health, social function, pain, and general health. Data were analyzed using independent T test and Mann Whitney (α = 0.05).

Results: Quality of life in the first group was higher than the second group in all domains, but only three domains showed significant differences: physical function (87.59 ± 11.63 vs 62.31 ± 31.13; p = 0.003), physical role (75.46 ± 33.64 vs 47.06 ± 35.22; p = 0.013), and energy (74.72 ± 14.50 vs 63.42 ± 13.76; p = 0.016).

Conclusion: Patients with mild hypertension who exercise have a better quality of life than those who do not exercise at Posyandu Lansia.

Keywords

exercise; hipertensi; kualitas hidup; lansia

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