Digital literacy and peer support as predictors of twenty-first-century competencies among MPLB students

Galuh Cantika Sari, Tri Murwaningsih

Abstract

Abstrak: Kompetensi abad ke-21 lulusan SMK masih belum berkembang secara optimal, yang tercermin dari tingkat pengangguran lulusan SMK sebesar 8,63% berdasarkan Badan Pusat Statistik (2026). Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis pengaruh kemampuan literasi digital dan dukungan teman sebaya terhadap kompetensi abad ke-21 siswa Manajemen Perkantoran dan Layanan Bisnis (MPLB) SMK Negeri 1 Sukoharjo secara parsial maupun simultan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas XII MPLB SMK Negeri 1 Sukoharjo, dengan sampel 84 siswa yang dipilih menggunakan teknik proportionate stratified random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan dianalisis menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Kemampuan literasi digital berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kompetensi abad ke-21 (sig. 0,000 < 0,05; thitung 5,689 > ttabel 1,990) dengan sumbangan efektif 40,67% dan sumbangan relatif 94%; (2) Dukungan teman sebaya tidak berpengaruh signifikan (sig. 0,587 > 0,05; thitung 0,546 < ttabel 1,990); (3) secara simultan kedua variabel berpengaruh positif dan signifikan (sig. 0,000 < 0,05; Fhitung 31,058 > Ftabel 3,105) dengan kontribusi sebesar 43,4%. Temuan penelitian ini memperkuat kajian Isini et al. mengenai kemampuan literasi digital sebagai faktor yang memengaruhi kompetensi abad ke-21. Disarankan agar sekolah memperkuat program literasi digital dan mendorong interaksi produktif antarsiswa.

 

Kata kunci: dukungan sosial teman sebaya; keterampilan 4C; kompetensi digital; pendidikan vokasi


Abstract: Twenty-first-century competencies among vocational high school graduates remain insufficiently developed, as evidenced by the 8.63% unemployment rate reported by Statistics Indonesia (BPS, 2026). This study analyzed the influence of digital literacy skills and peer support on the twenty-first-century competencies of Office Management and Business Services (MPLB) students at SMK Negeri 1 Sukoharjo, both partially and simultaneously. A quantitative approach with a survey method was employed. The population comprised all twelfth-grade MPLB students at SMK Negeri 1 Sukoharjo, with a sample of 84 students selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a four-point Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed through multiple linear regression. The results indicated that: (1) digital literacy skills exerted a positive and significant effect on twenty-first-century competencies (p = .000 < .05; t = 5.689 > ttable 1.990), with an effective contribution of 40.67% and a relative contribution of 94%; (2) peer support showed no significant effect (p = .587 > .05; t = 0.546 < ttable 1.990); and (3) both variables simultaneously exerted a positive and significant effect (p = .000 < .05; F = 31.058 > Ftable 3.105), accounting for 43.4% of the variance. These findings corroborate the work of Isini et al. regarding digital literacy as a determinant of twenty-first-century competencies. Schools are encouraged to strengthen digital literacy programs and foster productive peer interactions.

 

Keywords : 4C skills; digital competence; peer social support; vocational education

Keywords

dukungan sosial teman sebaya; keterampilan 4C; kompetensi digital; pendidikan vokasi; 4C skills; digital competence; peer social support; vocational education

Full Text:

PDF

References

Alturki, U., & Aldraiweesh, A. (2023). The factors influencing 21st century skills and problem-solving skills: The acceptance of Blackboard as sustainable education. Sustainability, 15(17), 12845. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151712845

Ananda, N., Afifah, R., & Sastrawati, E. (2025). Dampak literasi digital terhadap kreativitas mahasiswa. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 10(03), 290–301. https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v10i03.33411

Aryanti, A., Gumilar, R., & Nurdianti, R. R. S. (2024). Pengaruh ICT literacy dan dukungan teman sebaya terhadap self directed learning pada mahasiswa Pendidikan Ekonomi Universitas Siliwangi angkatan 2022. NUSRA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Ilmu Pendidikan, 5(3), 998–1006. https://doi.org/10.55681/nusra.v5i3.2879

Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia (BPS). (2026). Tingkat pengangguran terbuka berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan – Tabel statistik. Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia.

Carvalho, A. R., & Santos, C. (2021). The transformative role of peer learning projects in 21st century schools achievements from five Portuguese educational institutions. Education Sciences, 11(5), 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11050196

Chen, J. J. L. (2005). Relation of academic support from parents, teachers, and peers to Hong Kong adolescents’ academic achievement: The mediating role of academic engagement. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 131(2), 77–127.

Dani, F., Hastini, L. Y., Chairoel, L., & Fitri, M. E. Y. (2022). Pengaruh dukungan teman sebaya dan kecerdasan emosional terhadap kematangan karir. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Dharma Andalas, 24(2), 303–316. https://doi.org/10.47233/jebd.v24i2.588

Díaz-García, I., Almerich, G., Suárez-Rodríguez, J., & Orellana, N. (2023). University students’ competences in ICT: A view from the education domain. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 133–151. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.6820

Fadhillatuzzahro, H., Ichwanto, M. A., Muthmainnah, M., Agustin, N. A., & Puspitasari, L. (2024). Implementasi kurikulum pendidikan kejuruan dalam mengatasi pengangguran lulusan SMK. Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi dan Edukasi Teknik, 4(3), 4. https://doi.org/10.17977/um068.v4.i3.2024.4

Fedesco, H. N., Bonem, E. M., Wang, C., & Henares, R. (2019). Connections in the classroom: Separating the effects of instructor and peer relatedness in the basic needs satisfaction scale. Motivation and Emotion, 43(5), 758–770. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-019-09765-x

Fitriana, A. (2020). Implementation of guided inquiries to increase science learning outcomes about changes in objectives. Kalam Cendekia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 9(1).

Getenet, S., Cantle, R., Redmond, P., & Albion, P. (2024). Students’ digital technology attitude, literacy and self-efficacy and their effect on online learning engagement. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 21(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00437-y

Han, J., Kelley, T., & Knowles, J. G. (2021). Factors influencing student STEM learning: Self-efficacy and outcome expectancy, 21st century skills, and career awareness. Journal for STEM Education Research, 4(2), 117–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41979-021-00053-3

Haryaka, U., Razak, N. K., Rachman, F., Tung, K. Y., & Judijanto, L. (2025). Integrating digital literacy, critical thinking, and collaborative learning: Addressing contemporary challenges in 21st century education. Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, 52(3). https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.52.3.9

Hilmiatussadiah, K. G., Ahman, E., Disman, D., & Dahlan, D. (2024). Strategies for improving 21st century competencies in secondary schools in Indonesia: A systematic literature review. Jurnal Pendidikan Progresif, 14(3), 1914–1929. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpp.v14.i3.2024130

Hoe, A. V., Wiebe, J., Rotsaert, T., & Schellens, T. (2024). The implementation of peer assessment as a scaffold during computer-supported collaborative inquiry learning in secondary STEM education. International Journal of STEM Education, 11(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-024-00465-8

Isabella, I., Iriyani, A., & Lestari, D. P. (2023). Literasi digital sebagai upaya membangun karakter masyarakat digital. Jurnal Pemerintahan dan Politik, 8(3), 167–172. https://doi.org/10.36982/jpg.v8i3.3236

Isini, S., Mahmud, M., Ardiansyah, A., Hasiru, R., & Sudirman, S. (2025). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa di SMPN 2 Bulawa Kecamatan Bulawa Kabupaten Bone Bolango Provinsi Gorontalo. Journal of Economic and Business Education, 3(1), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.37479/jebe.v3i1.27657

Jannah, G. R., & Netrawati, N. (2025). Hubungan dukungan sosial teman sebaya dengan stres pada remaja. SIBATIK JOURNAL: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Sosial, Ekonomi, Budaya, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan, 4(9), 2821–2832. https://doi.org/10.54443/sibatik.v4i9.3375

Kartika, R., Putri, A., Wita, G., & Purnomo, S. (2025). 21st century sociology learning: Integrating digital literacy, collaboration, and critical thinking. Juwara: Jurnal Wawasan dan Aksara, 5(1), 174–183. https://doi.org/10.58740/juwara

Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika. (2022). Indeks literasi digital Indonesia menurut pilar berdasarkan wilayah tahun 2022. https://data.go.id/dataset/dataset/indeks-literasi-digital-indonesia-menurut-pilar-berdasarkan-wilayah-tahun-2022

Khoerunnisa, S. F. Z., Putri, D. N., Althafah, C. N., Herdiansyah, A. A., Fazila, N. I., Sunarya, A. E., & Mustikaati, W. (2025). Pengaruh interaksi kelompok sebaya dalam pembelajaran terhadap kreativitas peserta didik. Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains, 8(8), 5284–5291. https://doi.org/10.56338/jks.v8i8.8365

Mahmud, M. M., & Wong, S. F. (2022). Digital age: The importance of 21st century skills among the undergraduates. Frontiers in Education, 7, Article 950553. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.950553

Maulidah, E. (2021). Keterampilan 4C dalam pembelajaran untuk anak usia dini. Childhood Education: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 2(1), 52–68. https://doi.org/10.53515/CJI.2021.2.1.52-68

Mega, I. (2020). Students’ perception of digital literacy competence as learning sources. Maspul Journal of English Studies, 2(1), 47–53. https://doi.org/10.33487/majesty.v2i1.351

Mulyani, A. Y. (2022). Pengembangan critical thinking dalam peningkatan mutu pendidikan di Indonesia. DIAJAR: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, 1(1), 100–105. https://doi.org/10.54259/diajar.v1i1.226

Nurmala, E., Sabaruddin, Sultan, Hartati, D. V., & Siregar, M. S. (2024). Implementing Merdeka Curriculum by strengthening character education (literature review). SABIQ: Jurnal Sosial dan Bidang Pendidikan, 1(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.62554/6re80f87

OECD. (2023). Skills strategy Southeast Asia. OECD.

Putri, K., Lubis, D. P., & Sadono, D. (2024). Hubungan literasi digital terhadap kecerdasan emosional, hasil belajar dan kewirausahaan digital di empat SMK di Depok. Jurnal Teknodik, 28(2), 119–132. https://doi.org/10.32550/teknodik.vi.1193

Rosmaini, R., & Tanjung, H. (2019). Pengaruh kompetensi, motivasi dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai. Maneggio: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Manajemen, 2(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.30596/maneggio.v2i1.3366

Saleh, C. (2020). Konsep, pengertian, dan tujuan kolaborasi. Pustaka Universitas Terbuka.

Setiawan, D. A., Husen, I. A., Yuliansyah, R., & Wasif, S. K. (2022). Pengaruh promosi, kualitas pelayanan dan nilai pelanggan terhadap kepuasan konsumen Gojek (studi kasus ini di wilayah Kelurahan Cipinang Besar Utara). Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian, 2(9), 3131–3148. https://doi.org/10.47492/jip.v2i9.1286

Setiyana, A., & Oktora, S. I. (2024). Analisis horizontal mismatch pada tenaga kerja lulusan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan di Indonesia. Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia, 19(2), 109–124.

Shao, Y., Kang, S., Lu, Q., Zhang, C., & Li, R. (2024). How peer relationships affect academic achievement among junior high school students: The chain mediating roles of learning motivation and learning engagement. BMC Psychology, 12(278), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01780-z

Shi, Y., Cheng, Q., Wei, Y., Liang, Y., & Zhu, K. (2025). Effects of peer and teacher support on students’ creative thinking: Emotional intelligence as a mediator and emotion regulation strategy as a moderator. Journal of Intelligence, 13(53), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence13050053

Silvhiany, S., Huzaifah, S., & Ismet. (2021). Critical digital literacy: EFL students’ ability to evaluate online sources. Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics, 6(1), 249–269. https://doi.org/10.21462/ijefl.v6i1.364

Sugiyono. (2022). Metode penelitian & pengembangan (research and development). Alfabeta.

Syafi’i, A., Marfiyanto, T., & Rodiyah, S. K. (2018). Studi tentang prestasi belajar siswa dalam berbagai aspek dan faktor yang mempengaruhi. Jurnal Komunikasi Pendidikan, 2(2), 115–123. https://doi.org/10.32585/jkp.v2i2.114

Syarifuddin, S., Iriani, I., & Akbar, L. A. (2023). Characteristics, approaches, and competency learning processes of students in the 21st century. 12 Waiheru, 9(1), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.47655/12waiheru.v9i1.91

Syawalia, S. A., Sumiati, A., & Nurmalasari, D. (2025). Pengaruh employability skills dan literasi digital terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa SMK Negeri di Jakarta Pusat. Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Pendidikan Indonesia, 4(3), 1529–1534. https://jpion.org/index.php/jpi

Tandiwara, I., Erwing, E., & Asmah, S. (2025). Analisis kemampuan literasi digital siswa sebagai pendukung keterampilan abad 21 kelas XI MIPA SMA. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 7(5), 1376–1383. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v7i5.8567

Tuti, & Meidiyustiani, R. (2024). Pengaruh likuiditas, profitabilitas, struktur modal, dan biaya operasional perusahaan terhadap pajak penghasilan badan (studi empiris pada perusahaan sektor properti dan real estate yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2019–2023). Anggaran: Jurnal Publikasi Ekonomi dan Akuntansi, 2(3), 482–511. https://doi.org/10.61132/anggaran.v2i3.840

Utvær, B. K., Torbergsen, H., Paulsby, T. E., & Haugan, G. (2022). Nursing students’ emotional state and perceived competence during the COVID-19 pandemic: The vital role of teacher and peer support. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.793304

Van Laar, E., van Deursen, A. J. A. M., van Dijk, J. A. G. M., & de Haan, J. (2020). Determinants of 21st-century skills and 21st-century digital skills for workers: A systematic literature review. SAGE Open, 10(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019900176

Wahyuanda, R. (2025). Pengaruh lingkungan belajar abad ke-21, kompetensi digital, dan motivasi belajar terhadap prestasi belajar siswa SMKN 1 Bogor. Nian Tana Sikka: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa, 3(4), 211–231. https://doi.org/10.59603/niantanasikka.v3i4.1008

Widiyarto, S., Mubasyira, M., & Ati, A. P. (2018). Penerapan English communication skill pada siswa SMP. Abdimas Siliwangi, 1(2), 75–80.

Zamista, A. A., & Charona, M. S. (2023). Tingkat literasi digital dan pengaruhnya terhadap keterampilan abad-21 mahasiswa ditinjau dari perspektif gender. Cetta: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(4), 745–756. https://doi.org/10.37329/cetta.v6i4.2760

Zulkarnain, I., Suryaningsih, Y., Noorbaiti, R., & Rahadian, L. N. N. R. (2020). Bimbingan penyusunan perangkat pembelajaran 4C (communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and creativity) bagi guru peserta MGMP Matematika SMA Kota Banjarmasin. Bubungan Tinggi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 2(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.20527/btjpm.v2i1.1804

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/jikap.v10i4.121316

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.