A Relationship Model of Window-to-Wall Ratio, OTTV, and Thermal Comfort in Tropical Primary School Buildings

Dodik Purwanto

Abstract

Thermal comfort is a key factor influencing the quality of learning environments in school buildings located in tropical climates. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR), Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV), building orientation, natural ventilation, and classroom thermal comfort at SDN Cakung Timur 02 Pagi, East Jakarta. A mixed-methods approach was employed through field measurements of thermal environmental parameters, WWR and OTTV calculations, and in-depth interviews with experts. The results indicate that WWR affects OTTV and heat gain, while building orientation and natural ventilation moderate their influence on indoor temperature. The study proposes an integrated WWR–OTTV–heat gain–indoor temperature–thermal comfort model to support climate-responsive school envelope design in tropical regions.

Keywords

Window-to-Wall Ratio; OTTV; thermal comfort; school building; tropical climate

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/arst.v24i2.123105

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