Hubungan Kadar High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein dengan Mortalitas Penderita COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit Universitas Sebelas Maret

Candra Pamungkas, Evi Liliek Wulandari, Jarot Subandono

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Patofisiologi COVID-19 diperankan oleh inflamasi berlebihan yang dapat melibatkan C-Reactive Protein akibat induksi sitokin proinflamasi. Belum terdapat banyak studi penelitian mengenai hs-CRP terlebih hubungan dengan COVID-19 yang merupakan wabah baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan penunjang berupa hasil pemeriksaan hs-CRP dengan mortalitas penderita COVID-19 yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Universitas Sebelas Maret.

Metode: Penelitian ini berupa observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional melalui data sekunder yaitu rekam medis. Populasi penelitian meliputi seluruh pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit Universitas Sebelas Maret yang telah dilakukan pemeriksaan hs-CRP pada rentang April 2020 – Juni 2021 dengan teknik sampling berupa purposive sampling.

Hasil: Rerata hs-CRP 2.86 (SD ±4.35) diperoleh dari 122 pasien dan memiliki angka mortalitas sebesar 15 (12.3 %) dengan rerata hs-CRP 10.43 (SD ±6.7). Uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan p = 0.000 dengan koefisien korelasi 0.471.

Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan kadar hs-CRP dengan mortalitas penderita COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit Universitas Sebelas Maret.

 

Full Text:

PDF

References

  1. Almeida-Pititto B, Dualib PM, Zajdenverg L, Dantas JR, De Souza FD, Rodacki M, et al. Severity and mortality of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr [Internet]. 2020;12(1):1–12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-020-00586-4
  2. Al-Mutair A, Mutairi A Al, Zaidi ARZ, Salih S, Alhumaid S, Rabaan AA, et al. Clinical predictors of COVID-19 mortality among patients in intensive care units: A retrospective study. Int J Gen Med. 2021;14:3719–28.
  3. Azak A, Huddam B, Gonen N, Yilmaz SR, Kocak G, Duranay M. Salt intake is associated with inflammation in chronic heart failure. Int Cardiovasc Res J. 2014;8(3):89–93.
  4. Bisaria S, Terrigno V, Hunter K, Roy S. Association of Elevated Levels of Inflammatory Marker High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Hypertension. J Prim Care Community Heal. 2020;11.
  5. Cai R, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Liu L, Liu Y, He Q. Mortality in chronic kidney disease patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Urol Nephrol [Internet]. 2021;53(8):1623–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-020-02740-3
  6. Chaudhary R, Garg J, Houghton DE, Murad MH, Kondur A, Chaudhary R, et al. Thromboinflammatory Biomarkers in COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 17,052 Patients. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes [Internet]. 2021;5(2):388–402. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2021.01.009
  7. Corona G, Pizzocaro A, Vena W, Rastrelli G, Semeraro F, Isidori AM, et al. Diabetes is most important cause for mortality in COVID-19 hospitalized patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2021;22(2):275–96.
  8. Ding R, Yang Z, Huang D, Wang Y, Li X, Zhou X, et al. Identification of parameters in routine blood and coagulation tests related to the severity of COVID-19. Int J Med Sci. 2021;18(5):1207–15.
  9. Djalante R, Lassa J, Setiamarga D, Sudjatma A, Indrawan M, Haryanto B, et al. Review and analysis of current responses to COVID-19 in Indonesia: Period of January to March 2020. Prog Disaster Sci. 2020;6.
  10. Farsalinos K, Poulas K, Kouretas D, Vantarakis A, Leotsinidis M, Kouvelas D, et al. Improved strategies to counter the COVID-19 pandemic: Lockdowns vs. primary and community healthcare. Toxicol Reports. 2021;8:1–9.
  11. Fox S, Vashisht R, Siuba M, Dugar S. Evaluation and management of shock in patients with COVID-19. Cleve Clin J Med. 2020;1–6.
  12. Hage FG. C-reactive protein and Hypertension. J Hum Hypertens [Internet]. 2014;28(7):410–5. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2013.111
  13. Hernandez JB and Kim PY. Epidemiology morbidity and mortality. StarPearls Publishing. 2020:1-5. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547668/
  14. Lalramenga PC, Gupta S, P N. Study of C-Reactive Protein Significance in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Contemp Med Res [IJCMR]. 2019;6(6):10–3.
  15. Luan YY, Yin CH, Yao YM. Update Advances on C-Reactive Protein in COVID-19 and Other Viral Infections. Front Immunol. 2021;12(August):1–10.
  16. Mai F, Del Pinto R, Ferri C. COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases. J Cardiol [Internet]. 2020;76(5):453–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjcc.2020.07.013
  17. Malas MB, Naazie IN, Elsayed N, Mathlouthi A, Marmor R, Clary B. Thromboembolism risk of COVID-19 is high and associated with a higher risk of mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine [Internet]. 2020;29–30:100639. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100639
  18. Malik P, Patel U, Mehta D, Patel N, Kelkar R, Akrmah M, et al. Biomarkers and outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalisations: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Evidence-Based Med. 2021;26(3):107–8.
  19. Mosquera-Sulbaran JA, Pedreañez A, Carrero Y, Callejas D. C‐reactive protein as an effector molecule in Covid‐19 pathogenesis. Rev Med Virol. 2021;(January).
  20. Nurhayatun E, Prabowo NA, Harioputro DR, Putranto W, Indarto D, Purwanto B. Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Hs-CRP Predict Mortality in COVID-19 Patients. Proc 4th Int Conf Sustain Innov 2020–Health Sci Nurs (ICoSIHSN 2020). 2021;33(ICoSIHSN 2020):80–2.
  21. Olwal CO, Nganyewo NN, Tapela K, Djomkam Zune AL, Owoicho O, Bediako Y, et al. Parallels in Sepsis and COVID-19 Conditions: Implications for Managing Severe COVID-19. Front Immunol. 2021;12(December 2019):1–6.
  22. Ramesh S, Basavaraju M, Shashikanth Y. A Study of High Sensitivity C–Reactive Protein (hsCRP) in Relation to HbA1C in Type2 Diabetes Mellitus in Tertiary Care Hospital, Mysore. Int J Contemp Med Surg Radiol. 2019;4(1):2017–9.
  23. Sahu BR, Kampa RK, Padhi A, Panda AK. C-reactive protein: A promising biomarker for poor prognosis in COVID-19 infection. Clin Chim Acta [Internet]. 2020;509(June):91–4. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2020.06.013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/mshmj.v1i1.56934

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.