OPTIMASI ALAT PRAKTIKUM TERMODINAMIKA HUKUM CHARLES GAY-LUSSAC UNTUK MAHASISWA REKAYASA POLITEKNIK NEGERI BANDUNG

Abstract

Abstract:. Based on the syllabus of thermodynamics course in several Engineering Study Programs at Politeknik Negeri Bandung, it shows a very high need for Applied Physics on the subject of Thermodynamics as a prerequisite course. To be able to understand the concept of thermodynamics through laboratory activities, in this research the design and optimization of the Charles Gay-Lussac’s Law device was carried out, the measurement results were confirmed by calculation data using literature. Charles's law states that at fixed pressure, the volume of ideal gas with a certain mass is directly proportional to its temperature and Gay-Lussac's Law states that if the gas in a closed container is kept constant then the gas pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. The results of the design of the Charles’s law experiment device, on P = 925 mbar and T = 298 K, obtained the average pressure of the trial results is 1043 mbar. The test results from the setting of the device show the average coefficient of determination (R²) = 0.9969, meaning that the effect of temperature is strong on changes in volume at a fixed pressure. In the design of the Gay-Lussac’s law experiment, at 925 mbar, T = 297.6 K and the volume of air in the flask was 0.578 x 10^-3 m³, the number of moles of the average test shows a relatively consistent value of 1.51 mmol that is in the order of 10^-2 mol. The test results show the value of R² = 0.9822, meaning that the effect of temperature is strong on changes in pressure at a fixed volume.

Abstrak: Berdasarkan kajian silabus mata kuliah termodinamika pada beberapa Program Studi Teknik di Politeknik Negeri Bandung menunjukkan kebutuhan yang sangat tinggi terhadap mata kuliah Fisika Terapan pokok bahasan Termodinamika sebagai mata kuliah prasyarat. Untuk dapat memahami konsep termodinamika melalui kegiatan praktikum, pada penelitian ini dilakukan desain dan optimasi alat percobaan Hukum Charles Gay-Lussac, hasil pengukuran dikonfirmasi dengan data perhitungan menggunakan literatur. Hukum Charles menyatakan bahwa pada tekanan tetap, volume gas ideal bermassa tertentu berbanding lurus terhadap temperaturnya dan Hukum Gay-Lussac menyatakan jika gas dalam wadah tertutup volumenya dijaga konstan maka tekanan gas berbanding lurus dengan temperatur mutlaknya. Hasil perancangan alat percobaan hukum Charles, pada P_Ukur = 925 mbar dan T_{Ruang rata-rata} = 298 K, diperoleh tekanan rata-rata hasil uji coba 1043 mbar. Hasil pengujian dari setting alat tersebut menunjukkan nilai koefisien determinasi rata-rata (R²) = 0.9969, artinya kuatnya pengaruh suhu terhadap perubahan volume pada tekanan tetap. Pada perancangan alat percobaan hukum Gay-Lussac, pada P_Ukur 925  mbar, T_{Ruang rata-rata} 297.6K dan volume udara dalam labu  0.578 x 10^-3 m³, diperoleh jumlah mol rata-rata pengujian 1.51 mmol. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan nilai R² = 0.9822, artinya kuatnya pengaruh suhu terhadap perubahan tekanan pada volume tetap.