STRUKTUR MELODI DALAM INTONASI BAHASA INDONESIA: EKSPERIMEN PADA DIMENSI GENDER

Abstract

Abstract: The intonation of an utterance is realized through the acoustic component of the fundamental frequency (f0) which is at the pitch point of each utterance. As an indicator for distinguishing sentences, auditory can be manifested directly, but articulatory requires a prosodic role in distinguishing each characteristic of sentence mode. Based on these problems, this study aims to identify the melodic structure in the intonation of Indonesian sentences for male speakers and female speakers from Hz (Hertz) units into the conversion of st (semitones). The data in this study is a series of interrogative sentences with S-P and S-P-O patterns spoken by Indonesian speakers. The data was taken using a recording technique sourced from speakers of Indonesian academics. The data analysis used in this research consists of the following processes: 1) speech segmentation; 2) close copy of speech tone; 3) conversion of fundamental frequency value (f0); and 4) conversion from units of Hz to units of st. The results in this study indicate that the tone of female speakers has a more melodic intonation than male speakers. In the S-P pattern, male speakers have chords [#G, g, B, #g, e, b], while female speakers have chords [b, f, #c, #d, #g, e]. Furthermore, in the S-P-O pattern, male speakers have notation [#G, d, a, #c, B, d, c, e], while female speakers have notation [#g, f, a, b, f, #c , #g, d]. Based on these results, it can be concluded that in the calculation of tones, female speakers have a scale increase of 0.5-1.5 tones at each pitch point of the sentence contrast threshold, so that they have a more melodic intonation.