KEMATIAN ADALAH KEHIDUPAN: Metafora Konseptual Kematian dalam Islam di Indonesia

Adelia Januarto

Abstract

Abstract: Death in Islam plays significant roles such as to maintain the faith and morality of the adherents of Islam. This paper is a study of death metaphors in Islam that focuses in Indonesian context. The purpose of this study is to find out how Muslims in Indonesia conceptualize death so that the understanding and evaluation of death can be known. Furthermore, to realize the objectives of the study, simak (observation) method with note-taking technique, padan referensial (referential identity) method, and informal method applied to obtain, analyze, and present data. Furthermore, this research found that death is understood through several concepts such as REST; JOURNEY which is divided into DEPARTURE, SEPARATIONS, and END; HUMAN that can be specified as SAVIOR and HELPERS; and GIFT (FOR OTHERS). This finding indicates that the understanding of death has a basic conceptual structure, that DEATH IS LIFE; death is conceptualized as life because the events of death are understood as human activities. In addition, the data also indicate that in general the Muslim community sees death positively (except in DEATH IS AN ADVERSARY). This research contributes to Islamic studies in Indonesia to understand Indonesian Muslims’ perspective towards death.

Abstrak: Kematian dalam agama Islam memainkan peran signifikan seperti untuk menjaga keimanan dan moralitas para pemeluk agama Islam. Tulisan ini merupakan kajian mengenai metafora kematian dalam agama Islam yang berfokus pada konteks budaya Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana muslim di Indonesia mengonseptualisasikan kematian sehingga pemahaman dan evaluasi terhadap kematian dapat diketahui. Selanjutnya, untuk merealisasikan tujuan penelitian tersebut, metode simak dengan teknik catat, metode padan referensial, dan metode informal diterapkan untuk memperoleh, menganalisis, dan menyajikan data. Selanjutnya, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kematian dipahami melalui beberapa konsep seperti ISTIRAHAT; KEMATIAN; PERJALANAN yang terbagi menjadi KEPERGIAN, PERPISAHAN, dan AKHIR; MANUSIA yang dapat dispesifikkan menjadi PENYELAMAT dan PENOLONG; serta ANUGRAH (BAGI ORANG LAIN). Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa pemahaman terhadap kematian memiliki struktur konseptual dasar, yaitu KEMATIAN ADALAH KEHIDUPAN; kematian dikonseptualisasikan sebagai kehidupan sebab peristiwa kematian dipahami selayaknya aktivitas manusia hidup. Selain itu, data-data juga mengindikasikan bahwa secara umum masyarakat Islam melihat kematian secara positif (kecuali pada KEMATIAN ADALAH LAWAN). Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada kajian Islam di Indonesia untuk mengetahui cara pandang Muslim Indonesia terhadap kematian.

Keywords

Conceptualization of death; Islam; Indonesia; conceptual metaphor

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