Counseling and Changes in Pregnant Women’s Perceptions Toward PMTCT Service Utilization in Papua, Indonesia: A One-Group Pretest Posttest Study

Mona Safitri Fatiah, Anggarani Prihantiningsih

Abstract


Background: Papua has one of the highest HIV burdens among pregnant women in Indonesia. Limited utilization of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) services is influenced by stigma, inadequate knowledge, and negative perceptions regarding HIV prevention during pregnancy. Counseling may improve pregnant women’s perceptions toward PMTCT service utilization. This study aimed to evaluate changes in pregnant women’s perceptions toward PMTCT service utilization following counseling intervention in Jayapura, Papua.

Methods: A quantitative pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest–posttest design was conducted among 172 pregnant women attending antenatal care at Rodinda Independent Midwifery Practice, Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, and perceived barrier related to PMTCT service utilization. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results: Most pregnant women utilized PMTCT services during pregnancy (76.8%). Positive perceptions increased after counseling across all domains, including perceived susceptibility (44.8% to 68.6%), perceived severity (47.7% to 70.3%), perceived benefit (59.9% to 75.6%), and perceived barrier (75.6% to 87.2%). Statistically significant differences in perception scores before and after counseling were observed across all domains (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Counseling intervention was associated with positive changes in pregnant women’s perceptions toward PMTCT service utilization. Counseling-based education may support efforts to improve PMTCT awareness and acceptance among pregnant women in high HIV-burden settings.

Keywords


Antenatal Care; PMTCT; Pregnancy

Full Text:

PDF
rticle

References


  1. Worku WZ, Azale T, Ayele TA, Mekonnen DK. HIV is still a major public health problem among pregnant women attending ANC in Referral Hospitals of the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. BMC Womens Health. 2022;22(1). doi:10.1186/S12905-022-02059-4 PubMed PMID: 36434557.
  2. WHO. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Journal of the International AIDS Society [Internet]. Geneva: John Wiley and Sons Inc.; 2022 [cited 2026 May 9]. Available from: https://www.who.int/teams/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes/hiv/prevention/mother-to-child-transmission-of-hiv?utm_source=chatgpt.com doi:10.1002/JIA2.25271 PubMed PMID: 30958644.
  3. Hunduma F, Gebrehanna E, Debela FA. Determinants of mother-to-child transmission of hiv in public hospitals of west shewa zone, central Ethiopia: Case-control study. HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care. 2021;13. doi:10.2147/HIV.S299585
  4. UNICEF, UNAIDS, WHO. Regional Roadmap for The Triple Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV, Syphilis and Hepatitis B in the Asia and Pacific Region for 2024–2030. 2025.
  5. Tuthill EL, Odhiambo BC, Maltby AE. Understanding mother-to-child transmission of HIV among mothers engaged in HIV care in Kenya: a case report. Int Breastfeed J. 2024;19(1). doi:10.1186/S13006-024-00622-3/TABLES/1 PubMed PMID: 38395878.
  6. Siregar KN, Hanifah L, Rikawarastuti, Wahyuniar L. Prevention of HIV Transmission from Mother to Child: Challenges to the Successful Program Implementation and Practice in Indonesia. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2024 Jun 24];20(7). Available from: DOI: 10.1177/23259582211040701journals.sagepub.com/home/
  7. Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. Ministry of Health Reublic of Indonesia [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2026 May 9]. Rising HIV and Syphilis Cases with Transmission Predominantly Affecting Housewives. Available from: https://kemkes.go.id/id/%20kasus-hiv-dan-sifilis-meningkat-penularan-didominasi-ibu-rumah-tangga?utm_source=chatgpt.com
  8. Duri K, Mataramvura H, Chandiwana P, Mazhandu AJ, Banhwa S, Munjoma PT, et al. Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Within 24 Months After Delivery in Women Initiating Lifelong Antiretroviral Therapy Pre/Post-Conception or Postnatally; Effects of Adolescent Girl and Young Woman Status and Plasma Viremia Late in Pregnancy. Frontiers in Virology. 2022;2. doi:10.3389/FVIRO.2022.906271/TEXT
  9. Indarti J, Yunihastuti E, Kurniati N, Aprilia B, Pamungkas DT, Chiprion AT, et al. Pregnancy Profile and Infant Outcomes Among HIV Infected Women Who Delivered in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Acta Med Indones. 2020;52(1). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003510.PUB3 PubMed PMID: 21735394.
  10. Santika EF. databok [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2026 May 9]. Prevalence of HIV-Positive Pregnant Women in Indonesia 2024, Papua Region Highest. Available from: https://databoks.katadata.co.id/en/consumer-services/statistics/68f122bf4ea8b/prevalence-of-hiv-positive-pregnant-women-in-indonesia-2024-papua-region-highest
  11. Nuryanti Y, Kombong P, Susantie NG. The Lived Experiences of Mothers Living with HIV in West Papua, Indonesia: A Qualitative Study. Creat Nurs. 2025;31(2). doi:10.1177/10784535241308595 PubMed PMID: 39814539.
  12. Saad SH, Tuerganbayi K, Shadrack SM, Zhou Z, Chen S, Shi J, et al. Assessing the knowledge–attitude–practice gap in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV among pregnant and lactating women: a cross-sectional study in Musoma Municipality, Tanzania. BMC Public Health. 2025;26(1). doi:10.1186/S12889-025-25453-7 PubMed PMID: 41382070.
  13. Ulfah IK, Indrawan RR, Anggraeni N, Hidayati AN, Nasronudin, Khairunisa SQ. Challenges in the implementation of mother-to-child HIV/AIDS prevention programs in Indonesia. Germs. 2023;13(2). doi:10.18683/GERMS.2023.1379 PubMed PMID: 38144246.
  14. Riset J, Dan K, Kesehatan P, Handayani AA. Family Involvement in Mental Health Recovery: Systemic Barriers and Supportive Strategies for Enhancing Treatment Adherence and Outcomes. Jurnal Riset Kualitatif dan Promosi Kesehatan. 2022;1(2). doi:10.61194/JRKPK.V1I2.656
  15. Gazimbi MM, Magadi MA. Individual and community level determinants of antenatal HIV Testing Inzimbabwe. Journal of Biosocial Science. Cambridge University Press; 2019. doi:10.1017/S002193201800007X PubMed PMID: 29508682.
  16. Sutherland JA, Calys-Tagoe BNL, Amoakoh-Coleman M. Knowledge and perceptions about Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, mother-to-child transmission of HIV and HIV prevalence among antenatal attendees of a Ghanaian tertiary health institution: a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2025;25(1). doi:10.1186/S12889-025-24399-0/TABLES/8 PubMed PMID: 41023989.
  17. Camellia A, Swandari P, Rahma G, Parwati Merati T, Bakta IM, Pradnyaparamita Duarsa D. A Peer-support Mini-counseling Model to Improve Treatment in HIV-positive Pregnant Women in Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. 2023;56(3). doi:10.3961/JPMPH.22.516 PubMed PMID: 37287201.
  18. Mabuka S, Lowane MP, Nesengani T V., Simbeni T V. Adherence, perceptions and knowledge of an HIV PMTCT programme: A mother-baby pair study. South Afr J HIV Med. 2025;26(1). doi:10.4102/SAJHIVMED.V26I1.1648
  19. Sulatri S, Handayani EP, Fatiah MS. Improving Perceptions of Health Status through Counseling on the Importance of Utilizing PPIA-HIV Services. Ners. 2025;9(2).
  20. Fatiah MS, Laksono AD, Irjayanti A, Syarif A. Differences in HIV, Syphilis, and Hepatitis B Virus Screening Coverage between Pregnant Women Presenting to Antenatal Care in Early and Late Pregnancy in Indonesia. Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2025;32(6). doi:10.21315/MJMS-08-2025-608
  21. Amoah Adongo A, Mensah Dapaah J, Addo B. HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of urban Ghanaian pregnant women: Results of a qualitative study. Int J Afr Nurs Sci. 2024;21. doi:10.1016/J.IJANS.2024.100785
  22. Mallick L, Benedict RK, Wang W. Facility readiness and counseling during antenatal care and the relationship with early breastfeeding in Haiti and Malawi. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1). doi:10.1186/S12884-020-02919-7/TABLES/3 PubMed PMID: 32471370.
  23. Jahangiry L, Aliyari Z, Ponnet K. A Study on the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Pregnant Women Regarding HIV and Routine Rapid Testing: An Assessment in a High-Risk Marginal Area. Healthcare. 2021;9(7). doi:10.3390/HEALTHCARE9070793 PubMed PMID: 34202708.
  24. Haile Y, Gebru Z, Feleke T, Adem YF. Quality of option B + prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services in public hospitals of Gamo zone, Southern Ethiopia, mixed approach. BMC Pediatr. 2023;23(1). doi:10.1186/S12887-023-03901-W/TABLES/4 PubMed PMID: 36859247.
  25. Fawcett J. Evolution of Nursology Knowledge: A Personal Story of the Contributions of One Research Doctoral Program Graduate. J Adv Nurs. 2025. doi:10.1111/JAN.70270
  26. Ngangue P, Fleurantin M, Adekpedjou R, Philibert L, Gagnon MP. Involvement of Male Partners of Pregnant Women in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in Haiti: A Mixed-Methods Study. Am J Mens Health. 2021;15(2). doi:10.1177/15579883211006003 PubMed PMID: 33874810.
  27. Teshale AB, Tessema ZT, Alem AZ, Yeshaw Y, Liyew AM, Alamneh TS, et al. Knowledge about mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS, its prevention and associated factors among reproductive-age women in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from 33 countries recent Demographic and Health Surveys. PLoS One. 2021;16(6). doi:10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0253164 PubMed PMID: 34115798.
  28. Arefaynie M, Damtie Y, Kefale B, Yalew M, Adane B, Shiferaw H, et al. Male involvement in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, and its association with knowledge and residence in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. HIV & AIDS Review. 2024;23(3). doi:10.5114/HIVAR/149968
  29. Belachew TW, Erega BB, Ewunetu M, Gelaye K, Yimer TS, Ferede WY. Level of option B plus drug adherence for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV and associated factors among HIV-positive women in the awi zone, amhara region, northwest Ethiopia,2020. Heliyon. 2024;10(15). doi:10.1016/J.HELIYON.2024.E35319
  30. Nordberg B, Gabriel EE, Were E, Kaguiri E, Ekström AM, Kågesten A, et al. Social concerns related to HIV status disclosure and participation in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV care among pregnant women in Kenya. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1). doi:10.1186/S12884-020-02907-X/TABLES/2 PubMed PMID: 32299386.
  31. Fatiah MS, Purba R, Tompul RB. Improving Pregnant Women’s Perception of the Importance of Triple Elimination Screening Services (HIV, Syphilis, and Hepatitis B) through Health Education Activities at the Bhayangkara Health Center. Warta LPM. 2024;27(3). doi:10.23917/WARTA.V27I3.5511
  32. Tesfie TK, Tilahun WM. Spatial patterns and associated factors of HIV testing and counselling (HTC) as a component of antenatal care services in Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2024;19(9). doi:10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0310890 PubMed PMID: 39298465.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/placentum.v14i2.100212

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2026 Placentum: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan dan Aplikasinya

View My Stats

Lisensi Creative Commons
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike International 4.0 (CC BY-SA 4.0).