Efek Toksik Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Mundar (Garcinia forbesii King) Pada Ginjal Rattus norvegicus Jantan Galur Wistar

Azma Rosida, Adinda Salma Reyhana, Erida Wydiamala, Joharman Joharman, Mohammad Rudiansyah, Fujiati Fujiati

Abstract

Tumbuhan mundar (Garcinia forbesii King) merupakan tanaman khas yang tumbuh di Indonesia dan Malaysia telah dimanfaatkan masyarakat secara empiris sebagai obat penyakit kulit, malaria, dan diabetes. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui efek toksik pemberian ekstrak daun Mundar terhadap ginjal. Metode penelitian menggunakan uji toksisitas akut berdasarkan pedoman BPOM (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan) nomor 10 tahun 2022. Hewan uji terdiri dari 25 Rattus norvegicus (tikus putih) jantan galur Wistar terbagi 4 kelompok perlakuan dosis 5, 50, 300, 2000 mg/KgBB dan 1 kelompok kontrol (akuades). Pengamatan dilakukan selama 14 hari. Hasil uji One-Way ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan kadar ureum (p=0,003) dan kreatinin (p= 0,006), sedangkan indeks ginjal (p=0,60) tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok. Ekstrak daun Mundar dosis 300 dan 2000 mg/KgBB meningkatkan rerata kadar ureum di atas normal, sedangkan rerata kadar kreatinin masih dalam rentang normal. Pemeriksaan histopatologi ginjal menunjukkan nekrosis tubulus proksimal dan atrofi glomerulus ginjal pada dosis 300 dan 2000 mg/KgBB. Kesimpulan ekstrak daun Mundar dosis 300 dan 2000 mg/KgBB meningkatkan kadar ureum, menyebabkan kerusakan tubulus dan glomerulus ginjal tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan galur Wistar.

 

Keywords

Ekstrak daun; Garcinia; Ginjal; Kreatinin; Ureum; Tikus putih

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/jpscr.v10i2.97631

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