Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Tenaga Kesehatan terhadap Pelaporan Efek Samping Obat di Rumah Sakit Kota Banda Aceh

Fajar Fakri, Maghfiratillah Maghfiratillah, Lydia Septa Desiyana

Abstract

Efek samping obat (ESO) merupakan reaksi yang tidak diinginkan dan berpotensi membahayakan pasien akibat penggunaan obat. Pelaporan ESO melalui sistem Monitoring Efek Samping Obat (MESO) menjadi komponen penting dalam sistem farmakovigilans, namun tingkat pelaporannya di Indonesia masih tergolong rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap tenaga kesehatan terhadap pelaporan MESO, menganalisis hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap tersebut, serta menggambarkan praktik pelaporan MESO di salah satu rumah sakit kelas A di Kota Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sebanyak 78 tenaga kesehatan yang terdiri dari dokter, perawat, dan apoteker dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson melalui aplikasi PSPP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang kurang (57,69%), sementara mayoritas memiliki sikap yang cukup baik terhadap pelaporan MESO (62,82%). Analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap tenaga kesehatan terhadap pelaporan MESO (p = 0,047 dan p = 0,006; p < 0,05). Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan pengetahuan berpotensi memperbaiki sikap terhadap pelaporan MESO. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi intervensi yang sistematis, seperti pelatihan dan sosialisasi berkelanjutan, untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan partisipasi tenaga kesehatan dalam pelaporan MESO.

Keywords

Efek Samping Obat; Farmakovigilans; Tenaga Kesehatan; Pengetahuan dan Sikap

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/jpscr.v10i3.89956

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