Narrative Review: Kandungan Senyawa Sekunder dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Spesies Pepaya (Carica papaya) dan Carica (Vasconcellea pubescens)

Nur Anisa Rahma, Diniatik Diniatik, Ika Yuni Astuti

Abstract

Famili Caricaceae terdiri dari sekitar 35 spesies dalam 6 genus, termasuk Carica papaya dan Vasconcellea pubescens yang banyak dibudidayakan. Berbagai bagian tumbuhan seperti biji, buah, kulit, daun, dan akar mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, dan tanin yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder dan aktivitas antibakteri dari C. papaya dan V. pubescens. Kajian disusun sebagai narrative review berdasarkan 134 artikel yang disaring melalui kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, menghasilkan 20 artikel untuk dianalisis secara deskriptif. Aspek yang ditinjau meliputi spesies tanaman, bagian yang digunakan, senyawa aktif, metode uji antibakteri, dan efektivitasnya. Sumber berasal dari jurnal nasional dan internasional. Hasil review menunjukkan bahwa daun dan biji merupakan bagian paling sering dimanfaatkan sebagai antibakteri. Kandungan senyawa aktif meliputi fenolik, flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, tanin, dan triterpenoid. Metode uji antibakteri yang digunakan antara lain difusi agar (sumur dan cakram), uji kertas disk, pelat racun, dan metode spread plate. Bakteri yang dihambat mencakup gram positif (Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Clostridium perfringens, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Listeria monocytogenes) dan gram negatif (Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella enteritidis, S. typhimurium, Shigella sonnei, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus).

Keywords

Antibakteri; Caricaceae; Fitokimia; Senyawa aktif

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/jpscr.v10i2.87821

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