Efektivitas Patch Transdermal Ekstrak Etanol Daun Insulin (Smallanthus sonchifolius) Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah dan Histopatologi Pankreas Tikus Putih

Ni Putu Pirna Wijayanti, Lucia Hendriati, Iwan Sahrial Hamid, Teguh Widodo, Suryo Kuncorojakti

Abstract

Diabetes melitus adalah penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia akibat kelainan sekresi insulin, kerja insulin atau keduanya. Salah satu permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam pengobatan pasien diabetes adalah kepatuhan terhadap terapi obat. Daun insulin (Smallantus sonchifolius) memiliki efek menurunkan kadar gula darah, tetapi pada penggunaan jangka panjang per oral dapat menimbulkan efek samping terbentuknya lesi ginjal. Rute penghantaran alternatif untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien dan menurunkan efek samping adalah penghantaran transdermal. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efek patch transdermal ekstrak etanol daun insulin terhadap kadar gula darah dan gambaran histopatologi pankreas tikus. Tikus putih yang telah diinduksi aloksan dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok perlakuan yaitu: kontrol positif (metformin per oral), patch tanpa ekstrak daun insulin dengan peningkat penetrasi Tween 60, patch tanpa ekstrak daun insulin dengan peningkat penetrasi Span 80, patch ekstrak daun insulin dengan Tween 60, dan patch ekstrak daun insulin dengan Span 80.  Dosis ekstrak etanol daun insulin yang digunakan sebesar 400 mg/kgBB. Pengamatan terhadap kadar gula darah dan gambaran histopatologi pankreas dilakukan selama 14 hari. Analisis data menggunakan Anova satu jalan. Penggunaan patch transdermal ekstrak daun insulin menurunkan gula darah tikus sejak hari ke-1 dan pada hari ke-9 menghasilkan kadar gula darah tikus lebih rendah dibandingkan metformin per oral. Penambahan peningkat penetrasi Tween 60 dan Span 80 meningkatkan penurunan kadar gula darah. Hasil yang sama juga didapatkan pada parameter gambaran histopatologi pankreas tikus.  Berdasar hasil penelitian, pemberian patch transdermal ekstrak etanol daun insulin (Smallanthus sonchifolius) dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dan mempengaruhi gambaran hispatologi pankreas pada tikus putih. 

Keywords

Hipoglikemia; pankreas; patch; Smallantus sonchifolius; transdermal

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/jpscr.v8i2.59508

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