Association between Hypertension Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, and Medication Adherence among Primary Health Care Patients: A Cross Sectional Study

Chilmia Nurul Fatiha, Fathin Hamadah, Fildza Huwaina Fathnin

Abstract

Hypertension is a significant global health issue, and medication adherence is essential for its management. This study aims to examine the association between hypertension knowledge, self-efficacy, and adherence, and to explore the role of self-efficacy in medication adherence among hypertensive patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2023 using a total sampling technique among 104 patients with hypertension who attended two public health centers, Rowosari and Bandarharjo, in Semarang, Indonesia. Hypertension knowledge (HK-LS), self-efficacy (HBP-SCP), and medication adherence (MGL MAQ) were assessed using validated instruments. Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and mediation analysis were performed using JASP version 0.19.3. The mean scores of hypertension knowledge, self-efficacy, and medication adherence were 14.80 ± 4.64, 60.20 ± 7.37, and 0.90 ± 1.36, respectively. Knowledge of hypertension was significantly associated with self-efficacy (r=0.716, p<0.001) and medication adherence (r=-0.759, p<0.001). Self-efficacy was also significantly associated with medication adherence (r = -0.787, p < 0.001) and partially mediated the association between knowledge and medication adherence (indirect effect = 0.357, p < 0.001; direct effect = 0.402, p < 0.001). Self-efficacy also differed significantly according to age group and smoking status (p<0.05), with higher self-efficacy observed among patients aged ³65 years and those who did not smoke. These findings suggest that greater knowledge of hypertension and higher self-efficacy are associated with better medication adherence. Interventions addressing both educational and psychological factors may help support medication adherence among patients with hypertension.

Keywords

Adherence; Hypertension; Knowledge; Self-Efficacy

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/jpscr.v11i2.112726

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