PEMBANGUNAN, KAUM MISKIN KOTA, DAN AKTIVISME: STUDI KASUS PENGGUSURAN KAMPUNG KENTINGAN BARU, KOTA SOLO
Abstract
Development cannot be separated from the situation of the capitalist system. Ulrick Beck explains that development will lead to a society that has a high risk of life. Development with the concept of Neoliberalism will focus on economic growth. Urban development requires land, which can be obtained from evictions. The urban poor become vulnerable groups who are often affected by evictions. This situation makes people fight back against the injustice they experience. The people who live in Kampung Kentingan Baru are a picture of the evicted residents and fight back. This research uses Qualitative research method with Critical Ethnography approach. Data were collected through interviews, participant observation, direct observation, FGD, and document study. The results of this study illustrate that the people of Kentingan Baru live in high risk. They live in a cycle of evictions that is not just one-time, some residents have been evicted before living in Kentingan Baru. People who moved from Kentingan Baru also live in villages that are also threatened with eviction. Thus, the urban poor are in a perpetual cycle of eviction. The urban poor also have a low health risk because they live in inadequate housing after the eviction. When they resist, they are also threatened in the economic aspect because they are laid off or cannot work because they have to stand guard in the village when there is news of eviction and the security aspect where they often get intimidated.
Keywords: Activism, Urban Poor, Urban, Development
Abstrak
Pembangunan saat ini tidak bisa dilepaskan dari situasi sistem kapitalisme. Ulrick Beck menjelaskan bahwa pembangunan akan menimbulkan masyarakat yang memiliki risiko hidup yang tinggi. Pembangunan dengan konsep Neoliberalisme akan berfokus pertumbuhan ekonomi. Pembangunan di perkotaan membutuhkan lahan yang dimana bisa didapatkan dari penggusuran. Kaum miskin kota menjadi kelompok rentan yang sering terdampak penggusuran. Situasi tersebut membuat masyarakat melawan atas ketidakadilan yang mereka alami. Masyarakat yang bertempat tinggal di Kampung Kentingan Baru adalah gambaran warga digusur dan melakukan perlawanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian Kualitatif dengan pendekatan Etnografi Kritis. Pengambilan data melalui wawancara, observasi partisipasi, observasi langsung, FGD, dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwa masyarakat kentingan baru hidup dalam risiko yang tinggi. Mereka hidup dalam siklus penggusuran yang tidak hanya satu kali, beberapa warga sudah pernah digusur sebelum bertempat tinggal di Kentingan Baru. Warga yang pindah dari Kentingan Baru juga tinggal di kampung yang juga terancam penggusuran. Sehingga, kaum miskin kota ini berada dalam siklus penggusuran yang tiada hentinya. Kaum miskin kota juga memiliki risiko hidup kesehatan yang rendah karena hidup dalam rumah yang tidak layak pasca penggusuran. Ketika melakukan perlawanan pun warga terancam di aspek ekonomi karena terkena PHK atau tidak bisa bekerja karena harus berjaga – jaga di kampung ketika ada berita penggusuran serta aspek keamanan dimana mereka seringkali mendapatkan intimidasi.
Kata Kunci: Aktivisme, Kaum Miskin Kota, Perkotaan, Pembangunan.
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