INTEGRASI KEARIFAN LOKAL DAN KONSERVASI MASYARAKAT SEKITAR DESA PENYANGGA TAMAN NASIONAL ALAS PURWO

Eko Setiawan; Joko Triyanto

doi:10.20961/jas.v10i2.51888

INTEGRASI KEARIFAN LOKAL DAN KONSERVASI MASYARAKAT SEKITAR DESA PENYANGGA TAMAN NASIONAL ALAS PURWO

Eko Setiawan, Joko Triyanto

Abstract

This research describes the lives of the people around the buffer village of Alas Purwo National Park, Kalipait Village. Traditional communities have local wisdom in the form of a number of traditions, rules and restrictions that still apply for generations. This local wisdom has the value of ecological intelligence that is maintained and developed about the relationship of human activities with its ecosystems. Local wisdom owned by traditional communities is used as a reference in the management of forest areas and coastal waters, both in the form of myths and abstinence. The center of attention of ecological studies according to Julian Steward is the process of cultural adaptation to the environment, by instilling values contained in local culture. This process is seen as a form of dialectical relationship in the context of inter-influencing relationships with others. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive with case study design. Analysis of social change will be adapted to Talcott Parsons' AGIL theory. The results showed that, the community around the Alas Purwo National Park area has local wisdom in the form of a number of traditions in the form of rules, abstinence that still applies for generations which is then maintained and adhered to until now. The abstinence is in the form of a ban on killing peacocks and abstinence in the payang system. The ecological value contained in local wisdom can help human awareness in environmental management so as to shape ecological attitudes.

Keywords: Local Wisdom, Conservation, Alas Purwo National Park

Abstrak

Penelitian ini menggambarkan kehidupan masyarakat sekitar desa penyangga Taman Nasional Alas Purwo, Desa Kalipait. Masyarakat tradisional memiliki kearifan lokal berupa sejumlah tradisi, aturan maupun pantangan yang masih berlaku secara turun temurun. Kearifan lokal yang tersebut memiliki nilai kecerdasan ekologis yang dipelihara dan dikembangkan tentang hubungan aktivitas manusia dengan ekosistemnya. Kearifan lokal yang dimiliki masyarakat tradisional digunakan sebagai acuan dalam pengelolaan kawasan hutan dan perairan pantai, baik berupa mitos maupun pantangan. Pusat perhatian dari kajian ekologi menurut Julian Steward adalah proses adaptasi kultural terhadap lingkungan, dengan menanamkan nilai yang terkandung dalam budaya lokal. Proses ini dipandang sebagai suatu bentuk hubungan dialektika dalam konteks hubungan saling mempengaruhi dengan yang lain. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Analisis terhadap perubahan sosial akan disesuaikan dengan teori AGIL Talcott Parsons. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, masyarakat sekitar kawasan Taman Nasional Alas Purwo memiliki kearifan lokal berupa sejumlah tradisi berupa aturan, pantangan yang masih berlaku secara turun temurun yang kemudian dipelihara dan ditaati sampai sekarang. Pantangan tersebut berupa larangan membunuh burung merak serta pantangan dalam sistem payang. Nilai ekologis yang terkandung dalam kearifan lokal dapat membantu kesadaran manusia dalam pengelolaan lingkungan sehingga membentuk sikap ekologis

Kata Kunci: Kearifan Lokal, Konservasi, Taman Nasional Alas Purwo.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/jas.v10i2.51888