Efisiensi Counter Electrode Dengan Pengurangan Pemakaian Platina Menggunakan Komposit Bahan Ramah Lingkungan Grafin Dan Carbon Nanotubes Untuk Aplikasi Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

fatiatun fatiatun, Intan Masruroh Swasti

Abstract

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are the most popular solar cells in the third generation. DSSCs have been widely developed as an alternative to silicon-based solar cells because of its easy manufacturing process, high efficiency, easy production costs, and environmental friendliness. Graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising materials to reduce the use of platinum (Pt) in counter electrode (CE) due to their excellent properties, such as thermal, electrical conductivity, and high surface area. One of the derivatives of graphene that is often used is reduced graphene oxide (rGO) which is produced from GO solution by a reduction process. GO was synthesized in an electrolyte containing surfactant by the electrochemical exfoliation method. The specially prepared sodium 1,4-bis(neopentyloxy)-3-(neopentyloxycarbonyl)-1,4-dioxobutane-2-silphonate (TC14) surfactant was used in GO synthesis. The CE thin film of TC14-rGO/CNTs/Pt hybrid shows the highest efficiency values (0.0594%) with Jsc, Voc, and FF of 0.176 mA/cm2, 0.622 V, and 0.464, respectively. This was believed due to the conjugated network in CNTs acts as a connecting cable between the TC14-rGO layers and as a vacancy filler, the high electrical conductivity value and the larger surface area also cause faster electron movement, making these properties important in DSSC performance. The FF value which is also the highest in the TC14-rGO/CNTs/Pt hybrid samples as CE is also influenced by its structure. The high surface area of CNTs and TC14-rGO in the TC14-rGO/CNTs/Pt hybrid samples exhibited important properties for generating dye after electron injection and led to a faster route of electron regulation during DSSCs processing. These findings indicate that Pt composited with environmentally friendly and inexpensive materials such as T14-rGO and CNTs can improve CE performance in DSSCs applications. Based on this, this research can be used as a basis for further research on the fabrication of carbon-based CE

Keywords

Grafin;Carbon Nanotubes;Counter Electrode;DSSCs;Platina

Full Text:

PDF

References

  1. Hug, H., Bader, M., Mair, P., & Glatzel, T. 2014. Biophotovoltaics: Natural pigments in dye-sensitized solar cells. Appl. Energy, 115, 216–225, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.10.055.
  2. Jiang, X., Li, H., Li, S., Huang, S., Zhu, C & Hou, L. 2018. Metal-organic framework-derived Ni–Co alloy@carbon microspheres as high-performance counter electrode catalysts for dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem. Eng. J., 334, 419–431, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2017.10.043.
  3. Yoo, M., Yu, Y-S., Ha, H., Lee, S., Choi, J-S., Oh, S., Kang, E., Choi, H., &An, H. 2020. A tailored oxide interface creates dense Pt single-atom catalysts with high catalytic activity. Energy Environ. Sci., 13(4), 1231–1239, doi: 10.1039/c9ee03492g.
  4. Fatiatun, F., Bakar, S. A., Marwoto, P., Wibowo, K.M., Muqoyyanah, M., & Firdaus, F. 2020. Effects of Various Semiconducting Oxides as Photoanode and Counter Electrode for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Application - A Review. Indones. J. Appl. Phys., 10(2), 126, doi: 10.13057/ijap.v10i2.35195.
  5. Kim, T.Y., Park, C.H., & Marzari, N. 2016. The Electronic Thermal Conductivity of Graphene. Nano Lett., 16(4), 2439–2443, doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b05288.
  6. Sarkar, A., Bera, S., & Chakraborty, A.K. 2019. CoNi2S4-reduced graphene oxide nanohybrid: An excellent counter electrode for Pt-free DSSC. 2019. Sol. Energy, 208, 139–149, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2020.07.075.
  7. Pang, B., Zhang, M., Zhou, C., Dong, H., Ma, S., Feng, J., Chen, Y., Yu, L., & Dong, L. 2021. Heterogeneous FeNi3/NiFe2O4 nanoparticles with modified graphene as electrocatalysts for high performance dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem. Eng. J., 405, 126944, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.126944.
  8. Li, G., Zhang, Y-Y., Guo, H., Huang, L., Lu, H., Lin, X., Wang, Y-L., Du, S., & Gao, H-J. 2018. Epitaxial growth and physical properties of 2D materials beyond graphene: From monatomic materials to binary compounds. Chem. Soc. Rev., 47(16), 6073–6100, doi: 10.1039/c8cs00286j.
  9. Kairi, M.I., Khavarian, M., Bakar, S.A., Vigolo, B., & Mohamed, A.R. 2018. Recent trends in graphene materials synthesized by CVD with various carbon precursors. J. Mater. Sci., 53(2), 851–879, doi: 10.1007/s10853-017-1694-1.
  10. Suriani, A.B., Fatiatun., Mohamed, A., Muqoyyanah, Hashim, N., Rosmi, M.S., Mamat, M.H., Malek, M.F., Salifairus, M.J., Khalil, H.P.S.H. 2018. Reduced graphene oxide/platinum hybrid counter electrode assisted by custom-made triple-tail surfactant and zinc oxide/titanium dioxide bilayer nanocomposite photoanode for enhancement of DSSCs photovoltaic performance. Optik., 161, 70–83, doi: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.02.013.
  11. Kumar, P., Penta, S., & Mahapatra, S.P. 2019. Dielectric Properties of Graphene Oxide Synthesized by Modified Hummers’ Method from Graphite Powder. Integr. Ferroelectr., 202(1), 41–51, doi: 10.1080/10584587.2019.1674822.
  12. Alkhouzaam, A., Qiblawey, H., Khraisheh, M., Atieh, M., & Al-Ghouti, M. 2020. Synthesis of graphene oxides particle of high oxidation degree using a modified Hummers method. Ceram. Int., 46(15), 23997–24007, doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.06.177.
  13. Liu, F., Wang, C., Sui, X., Riaz, M.A., Xu, M., Wei, L., & Chen, Y. 2019. Synthesis of graphene materials by electrochemical exfoliation: Recent progress and future potential. Carbon Energy, 1(2), 173–199, doi: 10.1002/cey2.14.
  14. [14] Suriani, A,B., Muqoyyanah, Mohamed, A., Mamat, M.H., Othman, M.H.D., Ahmad, M.K., Khalil, H.P.S.A., Marwoto, P., & Birowosuto, M.D. 2019. Titanium dioxide/agglomerated-free reduced graphene oxide hybrid photoanode film for dye-sensitized solar cells photovoltaic performance improvement. Nano-Structures and Nano-Objects, 18, 100314, doi: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2019.100314.
  15. Fatiatun., Firdaus, Jumini, S., Suriani, A.B., Marwoto, P., Wibowo, K.M., & Astuti, B. 2020. Enhanced electrical conductivity of counter electrode using hybrid of reduced graphene oxide assisted with customised triple-tail surfactant with multiwalled carbon nanotubes. J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 1517(1), doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1517/1/012059.
  16. Bakar, S.A., Fatiatun., Mohamed, A., Muqoyyanah, Hashim, N., Mamat, M.H., Ahmad, M.K., & Matwoto, P. 2019. Improved DSSC photovoltaic performance using reduced graphene oxide–carbon nanotube/platinum assisted with customised triple-tail surfactant as counter electrode and zinc oxide nanowire/titanium dioxide nanoparticle bilayer nanocomposite as photoanode. Graphene Technol., 4(1), 17–31, doi: 10.1007/s41127-019-00024-x.
  17. Suriani, A.B., Muqoyyanah, Mohamed, A., Mamat, M.H., Hashim, N., Isa, I.M., Malek, M.F., Mohamed, A.R., & Ahmad, M.K. 2018. Improving the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs using a combination of mixed-phase TiO2 nanostructure photoanode and agglomerated free reduced graphene oxide counter electrode assisted with hyperbranched surfactant. Optik ., 158, 522–534, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.12.149.
  18. Fatiatun, F., & Adi, N.P. 2022. Fabrication of counter electrode for dye sensitized solar cells application using environmentally friendly graphene and carbon nanotubes composite materials. Gravity: Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Pembelajaran Fisika., 8(1), 1–11, doi: 10.30870/gravity.v8i1.12028.
  19. Kumar, V., Singh, N., Kumar, V., Purohit, L.P., Kapoor, A., & Swart, H.C. 2013. Doped zinc oxide window layers for dye sensitized solar cells. J. Appl. Phys., 114(13), doi: 10.1063/1.4824363.
  20. Kumar, R., Singh, R. K., Singh, D.P., Vaz, A.R., Yadav, R.R., Rout, C.S., Moshkalev, S.A. 2017. Synthesis of self-assembled and hierarchical palladium-CNTs-reduced graphene oxide composites for enhanced field emission properties, Mater. Des., 122, 110–117, doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2017.02.089.
  21. Chen, X., He, D., Wu, H., Zhao, X., Zhang, J., Cheng, K., Wu, P., & Mu, S. 2015. Platinized Graphene/ceramics Nano-sandwiched Architectures and Electrodes with Outstanding Performance for PEM Fuel Cells. Sci. Rep., 5, 1–10, doi: 10.1038/srep16246.
  22. Zhao, J., Ma, J., Nan, X., & Tang, B. 2016. Application of non-covalent functionalized carbon nanotubes for the counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells. Org. Electron., 30, 52–59, doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2015.11.032.
  23. Xue, Y., Liu, J., Chen, H., Wang, R., Li, D., Qu, J., & Dai, L. 2012. Nitrogen-doped graphene foams as metal-free counter electrodes in high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells. Angew. Chemie - Int. Ed., 51(48), 12124–12127, doi: 10.1002/anie.201207277.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/ijap.v12i2.61710

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.