Solid-Liquid Equilibrium Study of Binary System Saturated Fatty Acid in Short Chain Alcohols

Dwi Ardiana Setyawardhani, Difa Aulia Majid, Rudang Suryoadhi Suryatmoko Plawi

Abstract

Unsaturated fatty acids are potential to be used for preventing degenerative diseases and developing brain function in babies. Separation of unsaturated fatty acids from saturated fatty acids efficiently achieved by urea complexation fractionation method. It is considered to be the simplest, most efficient, and lowest cost method. This study aimed to optimize urea complexation for increasing PUFA concentrations by determining solid-liquid equilibrium data of saturated fatty acids in short chain alcohols. In this study, there were two types of short chain alcohol, methanol and ethanol, in various concentrations (99,7%; 95%; 88%; 76% w/w) towards the solubility of saturated fatty acids, palmitic and stearic acid (PA and SA). PA and SA dissolved in various concentrations of methanol and ethanol to get homogeneous solutions. When solid SFA disappeared by heating the solution, or first formed by cooling the solution, the temperature was determined as the solid-liquid equilibrium temperature. The results showed that the best composition of solvent within high solubility level is ethanol 95% and methanol 99,7% over palmitic acid because it can dissolve at room temperature and below 0.01 mole fraction.


Keywords:

Alcohol, Fatty Acid, Solid-Liquid Equilibrium, Solubility

Full Text:

PDF

References

[1] J. Chen, H. Liu, “Nutritional indices for assessing fatty acids: A mini-review,” Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21 1–24 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165695.

[2] O. Awogbemi, E.I. Onuh, F.L. Inambao, “Comparative study of properties and fatty acid composition of some neat vegetable oils and waste cooking oils,” Int. J. Low-Carbon Technol. 14 417–425 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctz038.

[3] D.A. Setyawardhani, H. Sulistyo, W.B. Sediawan, M. Fahrurrozi, T. Ariyanto, “Solid-Liquid Equilibrium for Binary and Ternary Phases of Saturated Fatty Acid-Urea-Alcohol in Urea Complexation,” J. Chem. Eng. Data. 64 5066–5078 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.9b00113.

[4] A. Czumaj, T. Śledziński, “Biological role of unsaturated fatty acid desaturases in health and disease,” Nutrients. 12 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020356.

[5] F. Mohd Fadzel, J. Salimon, D. Derawi, “Low-Energy Separation Technique on Purification of Unsaturated Fatty Acids of Palm Stearin using Methanol Crystallization Method,” Sains Malaysiana. 50 151–160 (2021). https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5001-15.

[6] K. FONTELL, R.T. HOLMAN, G. LAMBERTSEN, “Some new methods for separation and analysis of fatty acids and other lipids.,” J. Lipid Res. 1 391–404 (1960). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2275(20)41225-8.

[7] A.B.W.G.J. Kroumova, “Methods for separating sort, medium and long chain faty acids,” (1995).

[8] I. Publication, “Review of Various Techniques for Separating Free Fatty Acids from Vegetable Oil,” 11 1409–1419 (2020). https://doi.org/10.34218/IJARET.11.11.2020.128.

[9] D.A. Setyawardhani, D.S. Laras, K.J. Prasetya, “The Effect of Solvent Variation and Composition for Concentrating Omega Fatty Acids from Grape Seed Oil by Urea Complexation,” J. Chem. Process Eng. 5 1–8 (2020).

[10] J. Liu, B. Tao, “Fractionation of fatty acid methyl esters via urea inclusion and its application to improve the low-temperature performance of biodiesel,” Biofuel Res. J. 9 1617–1629 (2022). https://doi.org/10.18331/BRJ2022.9.2.3.

[11] Ma, J., Li. H., Yao, X., Jia, J., Chu, H., Wang, H., Ren, B, "Hirshfield Surface Analysis, Solid-Liquid Phase Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Analysis of Nintedanib in Binary Mixed Solvent." 147 11–40 (2016).

[12] S. Zhao, Y. Ma, J. Gong, B. Hou, W. Tang, “Solid-liquid phase equilibrium and thermodynamic analysis of griseofulvin in twelve mono-solvents,” J. Mol. Liq. 296 111861 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111861.

[13] R. Morales-Medina, G. De León, M. Munio, A. Guadix, E. Guadix, “Mass transfer modeling of sardine oil polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentration by low temperature crystallization,” J. Food Eng. 183 16–23 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.03.009.

[14] T. Brouwer, B.C. Dielis, J.M. Bock, B. Schuur, “Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents for the recovery of bio-based chemicals: Solid–liquid equilibria and liquid–liquid extraction,” Processes. 9 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9050796.

[15] D.R. Joshi, N. Adhikari, “An Overview on Common Organic Solvents and Their Toxicity,” J. Pharm. Res. Int. 28 1–18 (2019). https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2019/v28i330203.

[16] A.A.W. Japir, J. Salimon, D. Derawi, B.H. Yahaya, M.S.M. Jamil, M.R. Yusop, “Optimization of methanol crystallization for highly efficient separation of palm fatty acid mixture using response surface methodology,” Grasas y Aceites. 68 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0552171.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/equilibrium.v8i1.80577

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.