Review: Hidrolisis Lignoselulosa dari Agricultural Waste Sebagai Optimasi Produksi Fermentable Sugar

Sutini Sutini, Yohanita Restu Widihastuty, Aida Nur Ramadhani

Abstract

Abstrak. Agricultural waste adalah limbah yang dihasilkan dari sektor pertanian, seperti limbah jerami, ampas tebu, dan pelepah sawit. Limbah pertanian tersebut mengandung lignoselulosa. Lignoselulosa adalah komponen yang terdiri atas selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan lignin. Adanya kandungan selulosa dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi berbagai produk, namun kandungan lignin dan hemiselulosa dapat menghambat proses hidrolisis lignoselulosa. Selulosa memiliki banyak kegunaan seperti bahan baku propelan atau bahan peledak, serta turunan dari alfa-selulosa dapat diproses menjadi produksi bioetanol, asam glutamat, biosolvent alkohol, dll. Metode hidrolisis lignoselulosa sangat mempengaruhi kadar fermentable sugar yang dihasilkan. Upaya penelitian telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan hidrolisis lignoselulosa. Pretreatment bahan untuk menghilangkan lignin dan hemiselulosa serta optimasi enzim xilanase dan selulase secara signifikan meningkatkan kemampuan hidrolisis lignoselulosa. Sakarifikasi dan hidrolisis simultan efektif meningkatkan hasil dan laju hidrolisis lignoselulosa. Sehingga perlu pendekatan lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui efektifitas berbagai metode yang digunakan dalam melakukan optimasi pemecahan rantai lignoselulosa. Fokus pada review paper ini adalah metode yang dapat digunakan dalam hidrolisis lignoselulosa agricultural waste sebagai optimasi produksi fermentable sugar, diantaranya: metode pretreatment, delignifikasi, hidrolisis dan sakarifikasi. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengolahan lanjut dari fermentable sugar.

 

Abstract. Agricultural waste are produced from the agricultural sector, such as straw waste, bagasse, and palm fronds. Agricultural waste contains lignocellulose. Lignocellulose is a component consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The content of cellulose can be used in various products, but the content of lignin and hemicellulose can inhibit the hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Cellulose has many uses such as propellant or explosive raw materials, and derivatives of alpha-cellulose can be processed into the production of bioethanol, glutamic acid, and biosolvent alcohol. The lignocellulose hydrolysis method greatly affects the levels of fermentable sugar produced. Research have been made to increase the hydrolysis of lignocellulose. In this paper, several methods can be used to increase the yield of fermentable sugar through the hydrolysis of lignocellulose, including pretreatment, delignification, hydrolysis, and saccharification methods. Pretreatment using 2% alkaline, thermal delignification, hydrolysis using xylanase and cellulase enzymes together can significantly increase the ability of lignocellulose hydrolysis to obtain optimal fermentable sugar yield. Simultaneous saccharification and hydrolysis are effective in increasing yield and product formation rate.

 

Keywords: Agricultural Waste, Lignocellulose, Cellulose, Pretreatment, Delignification, Saccharification, Hydrolysis, Xylanase, Cellulase, Fermentable Sugar

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/equilibrium.v3i2.42788

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