PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN MINYAK SAWIT PADA KARAKTERISTIK SABUN TRANSPARAN

Abstract

Transparent soap is a opaque one having clear structure. This soap has high transparency level. Transparent soap is produced by saponification of  oil or fat  with NaOH solution at 60-70 ^oC. This research aims study the effect of composition of coconut oil and palm oil (100:0; 90:10; 80:20; 70:30; 60:40 g/g) mixture on the quality of transparent soap. The free fatty acid (FFA) level of coconut oil was 0.8% and that of palm oil was 1.07%. In this work, there were 3 processes separately, namely saponification reaction, transparent structure forming, and curing. Saponification reaction was done by reacting stearic acid in fatty acid phase and NaOH at 60-70^oC. Stearic acid was melted with heating until melted and some oil was added. After obtaining homogeneous mixture between stearic acid an oil, then NaOH 30% solution was added. The forming of transparent structure was conducted by adding propylene, glycol, glycerin, sugar solution and ethanol 70% into saponification product. To produce soap color and aroma, the colorant and fragrance were added. Then, the soap was casted and cured for 24 hours by storing it at room temperature. The result of transparent soap analysis for coconut oil compositions of 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, and 60%, it was obtained that the water level were 18.36%, 18.24%, 18.66%, 18.66%, and 18.56%, respectively. The free alkali contained in transparent soaps were 0.078%, 0.078%, 0.0796%, 0.0804%, and 0.0796%. The yields were 62.78%, 62.25%, 62.49%, 60.88%, 59.79%, and the pH of transparent soap was 9. The best composition of coconut oil and palm oil mixture was 90:10 while the ratio of coconut oil and palm oil mixture composition resulting the highest yield was 100:0.