_CROSREF.jpg)
The Strengthening Government Policies on Mineral and Coal Mining to Achieve Environmental Sustainability in Indonesia, Africa and Germany
Abstract
Indonesia has enacted a number of regulations dealing with issues of mining governance, and governance. However, the issuance of these various laws and regulations has resulted in illegal mining crimes resulting in environmental damage. The purpose of this study is to analyze sustainable mining governance policies in Indonesia, Africa and Germany. This research method uses a doctrinal legal approach. Resources have been compiled through an examination of mineral and coal mining laws and regulations, governance and environmental governance regulations, as well as reports from various authorities on the same subject. The results of this study show how Indonesia's previous mining law policies recognized local governments as the authority for licensing and monitoring mining activities. This policy was revoked based on the latest governance regulations and had an impact on the vacancy in monitoring mining activities at the district/city level, as a result of this vacancy there was environmental damage due to illegal mining and bad mining activities so that it was necessary to strengthen government policies in monitoring mineral and coal mining. Mining governance policies in Indonesia, Africa and Germany are currently starting to lead to environmental sustainability.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adu-Baffour, Ferdinand, Thomas Daum, and Regina Birner, ‘Governance Challenges of Small-Scale Gold Mining in Ghana: Insights from a Process Net-Map Study’, Land Use Policy, 102.105271 (2021), 1–16 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105271
Aristizabal-H, Gustavo, Peter Goerke-Mallet, Jürgen Kretschmann, and Oscar Jaime Restrepo-Baena, ‘Sustainability of Coal Mining. Is Germany a Post-Mining Model for Colombia?’, Resources Policy, 81.September 2022 (2023), 103358 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103358
Atagamen, Paul, ‘Environmental Hazard : The Legal Issues Concerning Environmental Justice in Nigeria’, Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 3.1 (2023), 17–32 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i1.60
Baker, Susan, Natasha Constant, and Poppy Nicol, ‘Oceans Justice: Trade-Offs between Sustainable Development Goals in the Seychelles’, Marine Policy, 147.105357 (2023), 1–14 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105357
Bester, Vidette, ‘Towards a Sustainable Artisanal Gold Mining Sector in South Africa: Proposed Developmental Initiatives’, Journal of Rural Studies, 97 (2023), 375–84 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.12.029
Braun, Tobias, Alexander Hennig, and Bernd G. Lottermoser, ‘The Need for Sustainable Technology Diffusion in Mining: Achieving the Use of Belt Conveyor Systems in the German Hard-Rock Quarrying Industry’, Journal of Sustainable Mining, 16.1 (2017), 24–30 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsm.2017.06.003
Brenner, Barbara, and Barbara Hartl, ‘The Perceived Relationship between Digitalization and Ecological, Economic, and Social Sustainability’, Journal of Cleaner Production, 315.128128 (2021), 1–12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128128
Brodny, Jarosław, and Magdalena Tutak, ‘Challenges of the Polish Coal Mining Industry on Its Way to Innovative and Sustainable Development’, Journal of Cleaner Production, 375.July (2022) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134061
Bruno, Delia E., Dmitry A. Ruban, Günter Tiess, Nicola Pirrone, Piero Perrotta, Anna V. Mikhailenko, and others, ‘Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining, Meandering Tropical Rivers, and Geological Heritage: Evidence from Brazil and Indonesia’, Science of the Total Environment, 715 (2020), 136907 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136907
Budiman, and Abdul Kadir, ‘The Policy of Sustainable Waste Management Towards Sustainable Development Goals’, Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 3.1 (2023), 70–94 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i1.73
Chazan, Michael, Alexandra Sumner, Liora Kolska Horwitz, and David Morris, ‘Mining on the Frontier: Archaeological Excavation of the Historical Component at Canteen Kopje, Northern Cape Province, South Africa’, Quaternary International, 614.July (2022), 146–63 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2021.07.019
Cole, Megan J., and Jennifer L. Broadhurst, ‘Measuring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Mining Host Communities: A South African Case Study’, Extractive Industries and Society, 8.1 (2021), 233–43 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2020.11.012
Corrigan, Caitlin C., ‘Deriving Social Benefits from Mining through Regulation: Lessons Learned in South Africa’, Extractive Industries and Society, 6.3 (2019), 940–47 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2019.05.017
Dai, Jingyi, Jinzhi Chen, Zhongjie Luo, and Wei Zhou, ‘Coping with Giant Panda Nature Reserve Protection Dilemmas in China: Social Capital’s Role in Forest Conservation’, Global Ecology and Conservation, 42.e02379 (2023), 1–14 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02379
Deveci, Muhammet, Pablo R. Brito-Parada, Dragan Pamucar, and Emmanouil A. Varouchakis, ‘Rough Sets Based Ordinal Priority Approach to Evaluate Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for Sustainable Mining’, Resources Policy, 79.October (2022) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.103049
Deveci, Muhammet, Emmanouil A Varouchakis, Pablo R. Brito-Parada, Arunodaya Raj Mishra, Pratibha Rani, Maria Bolgkoranou, and others, ‘Evaluation of Risks Impeding Sustainable Mining Using Fermatean Fuzzy Score Function Based SWARA Method’, Applied Soft Computing, 2023, 110220 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2023.110220
Dikgwatlhe, P., and F. Mulenga, ‘Perceptions of Local Communities Regarding the Impacts of Mining on Employment and Economic Activities in South Africa’, Resources Policy, 80 (2023), 103138 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.103138
Dimyati, Khudzaifah, Haedar Nashir, Elviandri Elviandri, Absori Absori, Kelik Wardiono, and Arief Budiono, ‘Indonesia as a Legal Welfare State: A Prophetic-Transcendental Basis’, Heliyon, 7.8 (2021), e07865 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07865
Eerola, Toni, ‘Corporate Conduct, Commodity and Place: Ongoing Mining and Mineral Exploration Disputes in Finland and Their Implications for the Social License to Operate’, Resources Policy, 76.102568 (2022), 1–11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102568
Endl, Andreas, Michael Tost, Michael Hitch, Peter Moser, and Susanne Feiel, ‘Europe’s Mining Innovation Trends and Their Contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals: Blind Spots and Strong Points’, Resources Policy, 74.July (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.101440
Erb, Maribeth, Adonara Elizabeth Mucek, and Kathryn Robinson, ‘Exploring a Social Geology Approach in Eastern Indonesia: What Are Mining Territories?’, Extractive Industries and Society, 8.1 (2021), 89–103 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2020.09.005
Erina, Pane, and Adam Muhammad Yanis, ‘Reconstruction of Mining Policies on Justice in Lampung Province’, Bestuur, 8.2 (2020), 139 https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v8i2.42830
Fatma Ulfatun Najicha, Lego Karjoko, I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayania, Rosita Chandrakirana, and Dian Furqani Tenrilawa, ‘The Conceptualization of Environmental Administration Law in Environmental Pollution Control’, Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 2.2 (2022), 87–99 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v2i3.55
Ghorbani, Yousef, Glen T. Nwaila, Steven E. Zhang, Julie E. Bourdeau, Manuel Cánovas, Javier Arzua, and others, ‘Moving towards Deep Underground Mineral Resources: Drivers, Challenges and Potential Solutions’, Resources Policy, 80.103222 (2023), 1–15 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.103222
Gostin, Lawrence O., John T. Monahan, Jenny Kaldor, Mary DeBartolo, Eric A. Friedman, Katie Gottschalk, and others, ‘The Legal Determinants of Health: Harnessing the Power of Law for Global Health and Sustainable Development’, The Lancet Commissions, 393.10183 (2019), 1857–1910 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30233-8
Gürtler, Konrad, David Löw Beer, and Jeremias Herberg, ‘Scaling Just Transitions: Legitimation Strategies in Coal Phase-out Commissions in Canada and Germany’, Political Geography, 88 (2021), 102406 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2021.102406
von Haaren, Christina, and Anna-Lena Vollheyde, ‘Landscape Planning in Germany’:, International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 7.4 (2019), 148–66 https://doi.org/10.14246/irspsda.7.4_148
Haas, Tobias, Jeremias Herberg, and David Löw-Beer, ‘From Carbon Democracy to Post-Fossil Capitalism? The German Coal Phase-out as a Crossroads of Sustainability Politics’, Sustainability: Science, Practice, and Policy, 18.1 (2022), 384–99 https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2022.2069542
Hudayana, Bambang, Suharko, and A. B. Widyanta, ‘Communal Violence as a Strategy for Negotiation: Community Responses to Nickel Mining Industry in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia’, Extractive Industries and Society, 7.4 (2020), 1547–56 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2020.08.012
Jamin, Mohammad, Abdul Kadir Jaelani, and Reza Octavia Kusumaningtyas, ‘The Impact of Indonesia ’ s Mining Industry Regulation on the Protection of Indigenous Peoples’, Hasanuddin Law Review, 1.1 (2023), 88–105 https://doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v9i1.4033
Janikowska, Olga, and Joanna Kulczycka, ‘Impact of Minerals Policy on Sustainable Development of Mining Sector – a Comparative Assessment of Selected EU Countries’, Mineral Economics, 34.2 (2021), 305–14 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13563-021-00248-5
Kamaruddin, Hanim, Maskun, Farida Patittingi, Hasbi Assidiq, Siti Nurhaliza Bachril, and Nurul Habaib Al Mukarramah, ‘Legal Aspect of Plastic Waste Management in Indonesia and Malaysia: Addressing Marine Plastic Debris’, Sustainability, 14.12 (2022), 6985 https://doi.org/10.3390/su14126985
Kersapati, Muhamad Iko, and Josep Grau-Bové, ‘Geographic Features Recognition for Heritage Landscape Mapping – Case Study: The Banda Islands, Maluku, Indonesia’, Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, 28.January (2023), 1–12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.daach.2023.e00262
Klein, Brian Ikaika, ‘Mineral Commons: Collective Claims to Territory in the Goldfields of Madagascar’, Political Geography, 99.102783 (2022), 1–13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2022.102783
Kuemlangan, Blaise, Elizabeth Rose Amidjogbe, Julia Nakamura, Alessandra Tomassi, Rudolph Hupperts, Buba Bojang, and others, ‘Enforcement Approaches against Illegal Fishing in National Fisheries Legislation’, Marine Policy, 149.105514 (2023), 1–12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105514
Leipprand, Anna, and Christian Flachsland, ‘Regime Destabilization in Energy Transitions: The German Debate on the Future of Coal’, Energy Research and Social Science, 40.September 2017 (2018), 190–204 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2018.02.004
Libassi, Matthew, ‘Mining Heterogeneity: Diverse Labor Arrangements in an Indonesian Informal Gold Economy’, Extractive Industries and Society, 7.3 (2020), 1036–45 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2020.06.015
Luukkanen, Saija, Antti Tanhua, Zongxian Zhang, Raul Mollehuara Canales, and Ilpo Auranen, ‘Towards Waterless Operations from Mine to Mill’, Minerals Engineering, 187.107793 (2022), 1–14 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2022.107793
Lyytimäki, Jari, Ludger Benighaus, Javier Gómez, Christina Benighaus, Sari Kauppi, Juha M. Kotilainen, and others, ‘Mining in the Newspapers: Local and Regional Media Representations of Mineral Exploration and Mining in Finland, Germany, and Spain’, Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, 38.5 (2021), 1831–43 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42461-021-00453-4
Mack, Philipp, Jakob Kremer, and Daniela Kleinschmit, ‘Forest Dieback Reframed and Revisited? Forests (Re)Negotiated in the German Media between Forestry and Nature Conservation’, Forest Policy and Economics, 147.November 2022 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2022.102883
Maconachie, Roy, and Felix Conteh, ‘Artisanal Mining Policy Reforms, Informality and Challenges to the Sustainable Development Goals in Sierra Leone’, Environmental Science and Policy, 116.October 2020 (2021), 38–46 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2020.10.011
Maia, Fabricio, Marcello M. Veiga, Ruby Stocklin-Weinberg, Bruce G. Marshall, Caetano Constanzo, Nickolaus Hariojati, and others, ‘The Need for Technological Improvements in Indonesia’s Artisanal Cassiterite Mining Sector’, Extractive Industries and Society, 6.4 (2019), 1292–1301 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2019.07.010
Mansyur, M, M Isbayuputra, D Yunia Fitriani, and F Sukri, ‘Business Continuity amidst COVID-19 Pandemic, Experience on Mining Sector in Indonesia’, Safety and Health at Work, 13 (2022), S26–27 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2021.12.1199
Marais, Lochner, Jan Cloete, and Molefi Lenka, ‘The Plight of Mining Cities in South Africa: Planning for Growth and Closure’, Cities, 130 (2022), 103965 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103965
Marais, Lochner, Fiona Haslam McKenzie, Leith Deacon, Etienne Nel, Deidre van Rooyen, and Jan Cloete, ‘The Changing Nature of Mining Towns: Reflections from Australia, Canada and South Africa’, Land Use Policy, 76.November 2017 (2018), 779–88 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.03.006
Markard, Jochen, Adrian Rinscheid, and Linda Widdel, ‘Analyzing Transitions through the Lens of Discourse Networks: Coal Phase-out in Germany’, Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 2021, 315–31 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2021.08.001
Marot, Naja, and Jörn Harfst, ‘Post-Mining Landscapes and Their Endogenous Development Potential for Small- and Medium-Sized Towns: Examples from Central Europe’, Extractive Industries and Society, 8.1 (2021), 168–75 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2020.07.002
Mononen, Tuija, Jukka Sihvonen, Rauno Sairinen, and Heidi Tiainen, ‘Local Governance of the Mining Industry—Five Finnish Examples’, Resources Policy, 82.103478 (2023), 1–11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103478
Moomen, Abdul Wadood, David Jensen, Pierre Lacroix, and Michela Bertolotto, ‘Assessing the Policy Adoption and Impact of Geoinformation for Enhancing Sustainable Mining in Africa’, Journal of Cleaner Production, 241 (2019), 118361 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118361
Muhirwa, Fabien, Lei Shen, Ayman Elshkaki, Hubert Hirwa, Gloriose Umuziranenge, and Kgosietsile Velempini, ‘Linking Large Extractive Industries to Sustainable Development of Rural Communities at Mining Sites in Africa: Challenges and Pathways’, Resources Policy, 81 (2023), 103322 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESOURPOL.2023.103322
Müller, Katja, ‘Mining, Time and Protest: Dealing with Waiting in German Coal Mine Planning’, The Extractive Industries and Society, 6.1 (2019), 1–7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2018.09.001
Nunoo, Samuel, Johnson Manu, Francis K.B. Owusu-Akyaw, and Frank K. Nyame, ‘Impact of Artisanal Small-Scale (Gold and Diamond) Mining Activities on the Offin, Oda and Pra Rivers in Southern Ghana, West Africa: A Scientific Response to Public Concern’, Heliyon, 8.12 (2022), e12323 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12323
Oei, Pao Yu, Hanna Brauers, and Philipp Herpich, ‘Lessons from Germany’s Hard Coal Mining Phase-out: Policies and Transition from 1950 to 2018’, Climate Policy, 20.8 (2020), 963–79 https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2019.1688636
Pane, Erina, ‘Reconstruction of Strengthening the Right to Sustainable Groundwater (Assessing Model Policy in Bandar Lampung City)’, Hasanuddin Law Review, 2.3 (2016), 409 https://doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v2i3.701
Reilly, Stephan Bose-o, Philip Landrigan, Johanna Elbel, Gunnar Nordberg, Roberto Lucchini, Casey Bartrem, and others, ‘Special Session 13 Preventing Tuberculosis and Lung Disease with Silica Dust Controls : The Case for Primary Prevention Special Session 14 Preventing and Managing Occupational Shoulder Disorders’, Safety and Health at Work, 13 (2019), S27–28 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2021.12.792
Ruba, Umama Begum, and Mohammad Samiul Ahsan Talucder, ‘Potentiality of Homestead Agroforestry for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals: Bangladesh Perspectives’, Heliyon, 9.3 (2023), 1–24 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14541
Rwiza, Mwemezi J., Erasto Focus, Jonas Bayuo, Joseph Modest Kimaro, Matthias Kleinke, Theresia J. Lyasenga, and others, ‘Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in Tanzania and Health Implications: A Policy Perspective’, Heliyon, 9.4 (2023), e14616 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14616
Sahri, Achmad, Putu Liza Kusuma Mustika, Hadi Yoga Dewanto, and Albertinka J. Murk, ‘A Critical Review of Marine Mammal Governance and Protection in Indonesia’, Marine Policy, 117.103893 (2020), 1–16 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103893
Samper, Juan Antonio, Amanda Schockling, and Mine Islar, ‘Climate Politics in Green Deals: Exposing the Political Frontiers of the European Green Deal’, Politics and Governance, 9.2 (2021), 8–16 https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v9i2.3853
Sarabdeen, Jawahitha, Emna Chikhaoui, and Mohamed Mazahir Mohamed Ishak, ‘Creating Standards for Canadian Health Data Protection during Health Emergency – An Analysis of Privacy Regulations and Laws’, Heliyon, 8.5 (2022), e09458 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09458
Sinansari, Puti, Anandita Ade Putri, and Agnieszka Lopatka, ‘Value of Sustainable Business Model in Mining Company: A Case Study’, Procedia Computer Science, 207.Kes (2022), 4142–50 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.09.477
Spencer, Katie L., Nicolas J. Deere, Muhammad Aini, Ryan Avriandy, Gail Campbell-Smith, Susan M. Cheyne, and others, ‘Implications of Large-Scale Infrastructure Development for Biodiversity in Indonesian Borneo’, Science of the Total Environment, 866.161075 (2023), 1–13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161075
Spiegel, Samuel J., Sumali Agrawal, Dino Mikha, Kartie Vitamerry, Philippe Le Billon, Marcello Veiga, and others, ‘Phasing Out Mercury? Ecological Economics and Indonesia’s Small-Scale Gold Mining Sector’, Ecological Economics, 144.July 2017 (2018), 1–11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.07.025
Sulista, Sulista, and Fadhila Achmadi Rosyid, ‘“The Economic Impact of Tin Mining in Indonesia during an Era of Decentralisation, 2001–2015: A Case Study of Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Province”’, Extractive Industries and Society, 10.March (2022), 101069 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2022.101069
Suntana, Ija, and Tedi Priatna, ‘Four Obstacles to the Quality of Constitutional Law Learning in Indonesia’, Heliyon, 9.1 (2023), 1–8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12824
Suntana, Ija, Iu Rusliana, Chay Asdak, and Lubna Gazalba, ‘Ideological Distrust: Re-Understanding the Debate on State Ideology, Normalization of State-Religion Relationship, and Legal System in Indonesia’, Heliyon, 9.3 (2023), e14676 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14676
Supriadi, Daniar, ‘The Regulation of Personal and Non-Personal Data in the Context of Big Data’, Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 3.January (2017), 33–69 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i1.71
Syahrir, Rezki, Frances Wall, and Penda Diallo, ‘Socio-Economic Impacts and Sustainability of Mining, a Case Study of the Historical Tin Mining in Singkep Island-Indonesia’, Extractive Industries and Society, 7.4 (2020), 1525–33 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2020.07.023
Tost, Michael, Gloria Ammerer, Alicja Kot‐niewiadomska, and Katharina Gugerell, ‘Mining and Europe’s World Heritage Cultural Landscapes’, Resources, 10.2 (2021), 1–17 https://doi.org/10.3390/resources10020018
Vintró, Carla, Lluís Sanmiquel, and Modesto Freijo, ‘Environmental Sustainability in the Mining Sector: Evidence from Catalan Companies’, Journal of Cleaner Production, 84.1 (2014), 155–63 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.12.069
Watzel, Ralph, ‘Minerals for Future Technologies: How Germany Copes with Challenges’, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 526.1 (2023), 1–12 https://doi.org/10.1144/SP526-2022-12
Wilhelm, Cindy, ‘“Local Content Is Politics”: An Examination of the Origins of Local Content Policies in Guinea’s Mining Sector’, Extractive Industries and Society, 13.September 2022 (2022), 101158 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2022.101158
Wolkersdorfer, Christian, Stefanie Walter, and Elke Mugova, ‘Perceptions on Mine Water and Mine Flooding – An Example from Abandoned West German Hard Coal Mining Regions’, Resources Policy, 79.July (2022), 103035 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.103035
Yang, Xiuyun, and Qiuping Chen, ‘Mining Violations, Rent-Seeking, and Resource Governance in China: Evidence from Central Environmental Protection Inspection’, The Extractive Industries and Society, 13 (2023), 101218 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2023.101218
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v11i1.71279
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2023 Suwari Akhmaddhian, Haris Budiman, Rahul Bhandari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
|
