_CROSREF.jpg)
The Legal Protection Against Child Marriage in Indonesia
Abstract
Every child is a human being who possesses the right to justice, freedom, and opportunity to develop regardless of nationality, race, religion, or skin complexion. These rights of children are guaranteed by the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. However, its reality indicates otherwise, as children are often the victims of exploitation. One of the worst such kinds of child exploitation is child marriage. This study aims to analyze the legal protection against child marriage in Indonesia. This research is conducted through the normative analysis of various written sources. This study concludes that the Indonesian Child's Act even has a provision that stipulates the obligation of parents to prevent early marriages. However, the law is somewhat effective in Indonesia. Unfortunately, the fatal flaw is the low-threshold provision that enables parents to request dispensation for early marriage. This shatters all the efforts to eliminate child marriage. Thus far, the Indonesian Government also has shown its reluctance to ever amend discriminatory provisions in the Indonesian Marriage Act related to the practice of child marriage despite numerous recommendations from the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Arifiani, S. D., Handayani, S. A., Baumont, M., Bennouna, C., & Kusumaningrum, S. (2019). Assessing large-scale violence against children surveys in selected Southeast Asian countries: A scoping review. Child Abuse & Neglect, 93, 149–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.05.005
Biswas, R. K., Khan, J. R., & Kabir, E. (2019). Trend of child marriage in Bangladesh: A reflection on significant socioeconomic factors. Children and Youth Services Review, 104, 104382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.06.017
Efevbera, Y., & Farmer, P. (2021). ‘It is this which is normal’ A qualitative study on girl child marriage and health in conakry, Guinea. Social Science & Medicine, 273, 113762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113762
Foussiakda, A. C., & Kasherwa, A. C. (2020). The challenges affecting foster care in a “failed-state” context: Case of the SEDI child protection network in South-Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Children and Youth Services Review, 116, 105217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105217
Gage, A. J. (2013). Child marriage prevention in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: Association of communication exposure and social influence with parents/guardians’ knowledge and attitudes. Social Science & Medicine, 97, 124–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.08.017
Islam, M. S. (2019). An assessment of child protection in Bangladesh: How effective is NGO-led Child-Friendly Space? Evaluation and Program Planning, 72, 8–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2018.09.003
Kiconco, A., & Nthakomwa, M. (2018). Marriage for the ‘New Woman’ from the Lord’s Resistance Army: Experiences of female ex-abductees in Acholi region of Uganda. Women’s Studies International Forum, 68, 65–74. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2018.02.008
Kudo, Y. (2021). Does criminalizing discriminatory cultural practices improve women’s welfare? A simple model of Levirate marriage in Africa. Economics Letters, 199, 109728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2021.109728
Lee, Y., & Svevo-Cianci, K. (2011). General Comment no. 13 to the Convention on the Rights of the Child: The right of the child to freedom from all forms of violence. Child Abuse & Neglect, 35(12), 967–969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.10.001
Mirzaee, Z., Maarefvand, M., Mousavi, M. T., Pourzand, N., Hossienzadeh, S., & Khubchandani, J. (2021). Stakeholders’ perspectives on girls’ early marriage in Maneh and Samalqan, Iran. Children and Youth Services Review, 122, 105900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105900
Muhammad, T., & Tummala, P. (2021). The progress in child protection 30 years after the CRC and the impact of ISPCAN. Child Abuse & Neglect, 119, 105134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105134
Petroni, S., Das, M., & Sawyer, S. M. (2019). Protection versus rights: age of marriage versus age of sexual consent. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 3(4), 274–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30336-5
Raj, A., Saggurti, N., Balaiah, D., & Silverman, J. G. (2009). Prevalence of child marriage and its effect on fertility and fertility-control outcomes of young women in India: a cross-sectional, observational study. The Lancet, 373(9678), 1883–1889. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60246-4
Riad, G., & Forden, C. (2021). “If we didn’t talk, we would be like ostriches burying our heads in the sand”: Attitudes toward sexuality, gender, and sex education among child protection social workers in Egypt. Children and Youth Services Review, 129, 106205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106205
Rönsch, H. (2020). Effectiveness of laws and policies governing permissive parenting in pursuit of the reduction of severe child abuse in Germany. Children and Youth Services Review, 119, 105510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105510
Spence, N., & Lan, N. T. T. (2021). Family sustainability and child protection in Vietnam. Children and Youth Services Review, 122, 105884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105884
Sugue-Castillo, M. (2009). Legal outcomes of sexually abused children evaluated at the Philippine General Hospital Child Protection Unit. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33(3), 193–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.09.004
Svevo-Cianci, K. A., Herczog, M., Krappmann, L., & Cook, P. (2011). The new UN CRC General Comment 13: “The right of the child to freedom from all forms of violence”—Changing how the world conceptualizes child protection. Child Abuse & Neglect, 35(12), 979–989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.09.006
Tisdall, E. K. M., & Cuevas-Parra, P. (2020). Challenges for children’s participation: Child activism for ending child marriage. Children and Youth Services Review, 108, 104568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104568
Tobin, J., & Cashmore, J. (2020). Thirty years of the CRC: Child protection progress, challenges and opportunities. Child Abuse & Neglect, 110, 104436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104436
Sahovic, N. V., & Eriamiatoe, P. (2020). Effectiveness of the convention on the rights of the child in realization of the right to a remedy for child victims of violence in Africa. Child Abuse & Neglect, 110, 104307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104307
Warria, A. (2017). Forced child marriages as a form of child trafficking. Children and Youth Services Review, 79, 274–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.06.024
Wismayanti, Y. F., O’Leary, P., Tilbury, C., & Tjoe, Y. (2019). Child sexual abuse in Indonesia: A systematic review of literature, law and policy. Child Abuse & Neglect, 95, 104034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104034
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v9i2.55144
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Rizky Irfano Aditya, L.B. Waddington
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
|
