Persentase Keberhasilan Persilangan Full Diallel beberapa Genotipe Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens) dan Keragaman Fenotipe Karakter Buahnya

Zulfahmi Zulfahmi, Gusrinaldi Gusrinaldi, Irdha Mirdhayati, Rosmaina Rosmaina

Abstract

Genetic expansion of plants can be done by crossing between plant genotypes. This research aims to determine the percentage of successful chili crosses using the full diallel method and determine the level of phenotypic diversity resulting from the crosses. This research used five cayenne pepper genotypes, viz. UIN-041, UIN-048, UIN-050, UIN-062, and UIN-063. The crossing of the five genotypes was carried out using the full diallel method. The parameters observed consisted of the percentage of successful crossing, fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length, and number of seeds. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and calculation of the phenotypic diversity coefficient for each character. The results of this study showed that the percentage of successful crossing ranged from 15.00 - 43.30%. The highest value was observed in crossing UIN-041 x UIN-050 and the lowest in UIN-062 x UIN-048. The low successful percentage of crossing is influenced by the pollen condition of the male parents and the level of cross-compatibility. The phenotypic variability value of the fruit weight and fruit length characters was 0.48 and 1.50, respectively, and that was classified as narrow variability, while the fruit diameter and fruit number characters were 5.23 and 120.34, respectively, and classified as broad variability.

Keywords

Capsicum frutescens; Cayenne pepper; Hybridization; Phenotypic variability; Quantitative character

Full Text:

PDF(ID)

References

Alfiyah L, Yulianah I, Kuswanto K. 2017. Studi keberhasilan persilangan kacang Bogor (Vigna Subtteranea (L.)) galur introduksi dan galur lokal. J Produksi Tanam. 5(12):2041–2046.

Arif A Bin, Sujiprihati S, Syukur M. 2012. Pendugaan parameter genetik pada beberapa karakter kuantitatif pada persilangan antara cabai besar dengan cabai keriting (Capsicum annuum L .). J Agron Indones. 40(2):119–124.

Astrid A, Supriyatna MA, editor. 2023. Outlook cabai. Jakarta (ID): Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian Sekretariat Jenderal Kementerian Pertanian.

Dalimunthe SR, Bin Arif A, Sujiprihati S, Syukur M. 2015. Pendugaan parameter genetik pada persilangan dialel beberapa tetua cabai (Capsicum annuum L.). Inform Pertan. 24(1):1–8.

Deviona D, Yunandra Y, Budiati DDA. 2022. Pendugaan parameter genetik beberapa genotipe cabai toleran pada lahan gambut. J Agroteknologi. 12(2):73–80. https://doi.org/10.24014/ja.v12i2.16336

Hafsah S, Masyhurah R, Nura N. 2023. Efek metaxenia terhadap karakter buah pada hasil persilangan beberapa genotipe cabai hias (Capsicum annuum L.) IPB. Vegetalika. 12(4):372–381. https://doi.org/10.22146/veg.85845.

Hanifah NF, Amien S, Ruswandi D. 2018. Variabilitas fenotipik komponen hasil galur jagung manis Padjadjaran SR generasi S3 di Arjasari. J Agrotek Indones. 3(1):39–43.

Hartati S, Cahyono O, Lestari NP. 2017. Uji tingkat kompatibilitas dan umur mekar bunga pada persilangan intergenerik anggrek Vanda sp dan Phalaenopsis sp. Caraka Tani J Sustain Agric. 32(1):24–28. https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v32i1.15924.

Hongi HNA, Ijong FG, Famuaja CF. 2015. Komposisi mikroba berisolasi dengan tingkat kepedasan dan kesegaran cabe rawit selama penyimpanan pada suhu ruang. J Ilmu dan Teknol Pangan. 3(1):35–43.

Illahi AK. 2020. Keragaman fenotipe dan kemiripan morfologis Hanjeli (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota. J Ilmu-Ilmu Pertan Indones. 22(2):129–135. https://doi.org/10.31186/jipi.22.2.129-135.

Lelang MA, Ceunfin S, Lelang A. 2019. Karakterisasi morfologi dan komponen hasil cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) asal pulau timor. Savana Cendana. 4(1):17–20. https://doi.org/10.32938/sc.v4i01.588.

Makhziah M, Mujoko T, Sukartiningrum S. 2021. Chili Plants: Nutrition Content and Local Varieties as a Genetic Resources. In: Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings. 5th International Seminar of Research Month 2020. Vol. 2021. hal. 5–9.

Muthuswamy R, S A, Nison M. 2021. Review on Capsicum frutescens, A tribal herbal food used as medicine. Res J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 13(4):191–194. https://doi.org/10.52711/0975-4385.2021.00033.

Nadzirah MSS, Ezzudin RM, Rabeta MS, Diningrat DS. 2024. Physicochemical properties of Capsicum annum (red chilli) and Capsicum frutescens (bird’s eye chilli) seed powder. Food Res. 8(3):252–258.

Nilahayati N, Putri LAP. 2015. Evaluasi keragaman karakter fenotipe beberapa varietas kedelai (Glycine max L.) di daerah Aceh Utara. J Floratek. 10:36–45.

Prihaningsih A, Terryana RT, Azwani N, Nugroho K, Lestari P. 2023. Analisis keragaman 8 varietas cabai berdasarkan karakter morfologi kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Vegetalika. 12(1):21–35. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.22146/veg.76984.

Sebulime P, Ocaido M, Okello S. 2021. Phytochemical composition of Capsicum frutescens and its effect on body weight and carcass yield of Cobb500 broilers. Afr J Agric Res. 17(6):869–874. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajar2021.15468.

Singh RK, Chaudhary BD. 1979. Biometrical methods in quantitative genetics analysis. Ludhiana (IN): Kalyani.

Steel RGD, Torrie JH. 1993. Prinsip dan prosedur statistika. Jakarta (ID): Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Surbakti EAA, Waluyo B, Saptadi D. 2024. Studi keberhasilan persilangan empat genotipe Ercis (Pisum sativum L.). Plantropica J Agric Sci. 9(1):61–69. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpt.2024.009.1.7.

Syukur M, Sujiprihati S, Yulianti R. 2018. Teknik pemuliaan tanaman. Ketiga. Jakarta (ID): Penebar Swadaya.

Syukur M, Sujiprihati S, Yunianti R. 2012. Teknik pemuliaan tanaman. Jakarta (ID): Penebar Swadaya.

Syukur M, Sujiprihati S, Yunianti R, Nida K. 2010. Pendugaan komponen ragam, heritabilitas dan korelasi untuk menentukan kriteria seleksi cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) populasi F5. J Hortik Indones. 1(2):74–80. https://doi.org/10.29244/jhi.1.2.74-80.

Widyasmara NI, Kusmiyati F, Karno K. 2018. Efek xenia dan metaxenia pada persilangan tomat ranti dan tomat cherry. J Agro Complex. 2(2):128–136. https://doi.org/10.14710/joac.2.2.128-136.

Yunandra Y, Syukur M, Maharijaya A. 2017. Seleksi dan kemajuan seleksi karakter komponen hasil pada persilangan cabai keriting dan cabai besar. J Agron Indones. 45(2):169–174. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v45i2.12312.

Zulfahmi Z, Batubara RS, Rosmaina R. 2022. Viabilitas serbuk sari dan keberhasilan persilangan antara durian Montong dan Sitokong pada tiga waktu berbeda. Agrotechnology Res J. 6(2):103–109. https://doi.org/10.20961/agrotechresj.v6i2.62361.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/agrotechresj.v8i1.85878

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.