Morfologi dan Anatomi Bibit Alpukat Sambungan pada Stadia tumbuh Entres dan Metode Sambung Pucuk

Antonia Jessica Sherlyn Da Costa, Ramdan Hidayat, Juli Santoso

Abstract

Avocado is a fruit crop that is commercial and potential to be widely cultivated. Market demand for avocado was increased so production of avocado seed must increase too by grafting. The problem of grafting is often found in the connection between scion and rootstock that showed like elephant foot phenomenon, so it was necessary to study the linkage process between scion and rootstock. This research leads up to an increased percentage of finished graft seedlings that were ready for planting in the field. This method used a factorial experiment consisting of 2 factors. The first factor was the stages of entres (flushing, endodormancy, and ecodormancy), and the second factor was the grafting method (cleft graft, wedge graft, and splice graft). The research design used Complete Randomized Design with 4 replications and ANOVA with BNJ 5% test. The results showed all observations parameters interacted. Stage ecodormancy in splice graft resulted of vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) between scion and rootstock recovered better than other combination treatments by producing the best-grafted avocado seedlings growth with an increased percentage of grafted seedling by 42.50%, an interval of flushing by 4.91 days, and increased frequency of flushing by 1.83 times compared to stage flushing in cleft graft.

Keywords

Dormancy; Persea america; Propagation; Vascular; Vegetative

Full Text:

PDF(ID)

References

Ahmadi, Ridwan, Tinggogoy DD. 2021. Tingkat keberhasilan sambung pucuk alpukat (Persea americana) pada waktu penyambungan yang berbeda. Agropet. 18(2):34–40.

Aloni B, Karni L, Deventurero G, Levin Z, Cohen R, Katzir N, Lotan-Pompan M, Edelstein M, Aktas H, Turhan E, et al. 2008. Physiological and biochemical changes at the rootstock-scion interface in graft combinations between Cucurbita rootstocks and a melon scion. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol. 83(6):777–783. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2008.11512460.

Arlianzy WC, Syam N, Aminah. 2022. The Effect of IBA concentration and shoot grafting method on the successful growth of seeds cocoa plant (Theobroma cacao L.). J AGrotekMAS. 3(2):136–144.

[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2011. Statistik tanaman buah-buahan dan sayuran tahunan Indonesia. Jakarta (ID): Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia.

Basri Z. 2009. Kajian metode perbanyakan klonal pada tanaman kakao. Media Litbang Sulteng. 2(1):7–14.

Budi PIS, Aziez AF, Dewi TSK. 2016. Pengaruh lama perendaman zat pada beberapa model sambung pucuk terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kopi (Coffea spp). Agrineca. 3(2):63–72.

Caño-Delgado A, Lee J-Y, Demura T. 2010. Regulatory mechanisms for specification and patterning of plant vascular tissues. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 26(1):605–637. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100109-104107.

Elsheery NI, Helaly MN, Omar SA, John SVS, Zabochnicka-Swiątek M, Kalaji HM, Rastogi A. 2020. Physiological and molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance in grafted cucumber. South African J Bot. 130:90–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.12.014.

Flaishman MA, Loginovsky K, Golobowich S, Lev-Yadun S. 2008. Arabidopsis thaliana as a Model System for Graft Union Development in Homografts and Heterografts. J Plant Growth Regul. 27(3):231–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-008-9050-y.

De Franceschi P, Dondini L, Sanzol J. 2012. Molecular bases and evolutionary dynamics of selfincompatibility in the Pyrinae (Rosaceae). J Exp Bot. 63(11):4015–4032. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ers108.

Gautier AT, Merlin I, Doumas P, Cochetel N, Mollier A, Vivin P, Lauvergeat V, Péret B, Cookson SJ. 2021. Identifying roles of the scion and the rootstock in regulating plant development and functioning under different phosphorus supplies in grapevine. Environ Exp Bot. 185:104405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2021.104405.

Guan W, Zhao X, Hassell R, Thies J. 2012. Defense mechanisms involved in disease resistance of grafted vegetables. Hort Sci. 47(2):164–170. https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.2.164.

Handayani RS, Poerwanto R, Sobir, Purwito A, Ermayanti TM. 2013. Pengaruh batang bawah dan jenis tunas pada mikrografting manggis. J Agron Indones. 41(1):47–53.

Hartmann HT, Kester DE, Davies FT, Geneve RL. 2014. Hartmann & Kester’s plant propagation : principles and practices. 8th ed. Harlow (UK): Pearson Education Limited.

Kawaguchi M, Taji A, Backhouse D, Oda M. 2008. Anatomy and physiology of graft incompatibility in solanaceous plants. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol. 83(5):581–588. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2008.11512427.

Limbongan J, Djufry F. 2013. Pengembangan teknologi sambung pucuk sebagai alternatif pilihan perbanyakan bibit kakao. J Litbang Pert. 32(4):166–172.

Loupit G, Cookson SJ. 2020. Identifying molecular markers of successful graft union formation and compatibility. Front Plant Sci. 11:610352. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.610352.

Maulana O, Rosmaiti, Muhammad S. 2020. Keberhasilan pertautan sambung pucuk beberapa varietas mangga (Mangifera indica) dengan panjang Entres yang berbeda. J Agroteknologi dan Ilmu Pertan. 5(1):12–22.

Mudge K, Janick J, Scofield S, Goldschmidt EE. 2009. A History of grafting. In: Janick J, editor. Horticultural Reviews. Hoboken (USA): John Wiley & Sons, Inc. hal. 437–493.

Noor RS, Wang Z, Umair M, Yaseen M, Ameen M, Rehman S-U, Khan MU, Imran M, Ahmed W, Sun Y. 2019. Interactive effects of grafting techniques and ccion-rootstocks combinations on vegetative growth, yield and quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Agronomy. 9(6):288. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9060288.

Olmstead MA, Lang NS, Ewers FW, Owens SA. 2006. Xylem vessel anatomy of sweet cherries grafted onto dwarfing and nondwarfing rootstocks. J Am Soc Hortic Sci. 131(5):577–585. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.131.5.577.

Pesireron M. 2010. Pengkajian perbanyakan tanaman kakao secara vegetatif (Okulasi mata entris dan sambung pucuk). J Budid Pertan. 6(1):25–29.

Poethig RS. 2009. Small RNAs and developmental timing in plants. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 19(4):374–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2009.06.001.

Rahardjo M, Djauharia E, Darwati I, Rosita SMD. 2013. Pengaruh umur batang bawah terhadap pertumbuhan benih mengkudu tanpa biji asil grafting. Bul Penelit Tanam Rempah dan Obat. 24(1):14–18.

Rahayu ES, Pujiasmanto B, Murniyanto DE. 2020. Pengujian bibit jambu mete metode grafting untuk mendapatkan tajuk terbatas. In: Muhammad DRA, Wati AK, Handoyo GC, Agustina A, Pawestri drh. W, Herawati A, Rahmadwiati R, Manurung IR, Masyithoh G, Nuraini DM, editor. Strategi ketahanan pangan masa new normal covid-19. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Fakultas Pertanian UNS; 22 Juli 2020; Surakarta, ID. Vol. 4. Surakarta (ID): Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sebelas Maret. hal. 49–58.

Rasool A, Mansoor S, Bhat KM, Hassan GI, Baba TR, Alyemeni MN, Alsahli AA, El-Serehy HA, Paray BA, Ahmad P. 2020. Mechanisms underlying graft union formation and rootstock scion interaction in horticultural plants. Front Plant Sci. 11:590847. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.590847.

Savitri, Afrah. 2019. Aplikasi teknik sambung pucuk (top grafting) untuk perbanyakan tanaman durian (Durio zibethinus Murr). J Agriflora. 3(2):40–47.

Sharma A, Wang J, Xu D, Tao S, Chong S, Yan D, Li Z, Yuan H, Zheng B. 2020. Melatonin regulates the functional components of photosynthesis, antioxidant system, gene expression, and metabolic pathways to induce drought resistance in grafted Carya cathayensis plants. Sci Total Environ. 713:136675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136675.

Shi X, Wang X, Cheng F, Cao H, Liang H, Lu J, Kong Q, Bie Z. 2019. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis of cold stress-induced mechanisms in grafted watermelon seedlings. J Proteomics. 192:311–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2018.09.012.

Tambing Y, Adelina E, Budiarti T, Endang Murniati D. 2008. Kompatibilitas batang bawah nangka tahan kering dengan entris nangka asal Sulawesi Tengah dengan cara sambung pucuk. J Agrol. 15(2):95–100.

Tedesco S, Pina A, Fevereiro P, Kragler F. 2020. A Phenotypic search on graft compatibility in grapevine. Agronomy. 10(5):706. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050706.

Toju H, Okayasu K, Notaguchi M. 2019. Leaf-associated microbiomes of grafted tomato plants. Sci Rep. 9(1):1787. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-38344-2.

Tzarfati R, Ben-Dor S, Sela I, Goldschmidt EE. 2013. Graft-induced Changes in MicroRNA Expression Patterns in Citrus Leaf Petioles. Open Plant Sci J. 7(1):17–23. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874294701307010017.

Wang J-W, Park MY, Wang L-J, Koo Y, Chen X-Y, Weigel D, Poethig RS. 2011. MiRNA Control of Vegetative Phase Change in Trees. Sederoff RR, editor. PLoS Genet. 7(2):e1002012. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002012.

Widiatmoko E, Ashari S. 2018. Hubungan antara batang bawah dengan batang atas pada metode topworking tanaman durian (Durio zibethinus Murr) di Kecamatan Ngantang. J Produksi Tanam. 6(1):32–37.

Yanti IT, Sulandjari S, Yuniastuti E. 2013. Pengaruh pemberian air kelapa dan tipe sambungan terhadap keberhasilan sambung pucuk durian (Durio zibethinus M.). Agrosains J Penelit Agron. 15(2):46–49. https://doi.org/10.20961/agsjpa.v15i2.19000.

Yin H, Yan B, Sun J, Jia P, Zhang Z, Yan X, Chai J, Ren Z, Zheng G, Liu H. 2012. Graft-union development: a delicate process that involves cell–cell communication between scion and stock for local auxin accumulation. J Exp Bot. 63(11):4219–4232. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ers109.

Yulianti F, Latif Adiredjo A, Soetopo L, Ashari S. 2020. Anatomical characteristics of roots and stems of citrus rootstock as parameter for estimating of rimau gerga lebong (RGL) mandarin citrus vigor. J Hortik Indones. 11(3):166–173. https://doi.org/10.29244/jhi.11.3.166-173.

Zhang X, Zhang F, Wang J, Lin L, Liao M, Tang Y, Sun G, Wang X, Lv X, Deng Q, et al. 2019. Cutting after grafting affects the growth and cadmium accumulation of Nasturtium officinale. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 26:15436–15442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04977-7.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/agrotechresj.v6i2.66462

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.