Email this article 
Pengaruh Trichoderma harzianum dan Nano Silika Terhadap Penyakit Moler dan Produksi Bawang Merah
Abstract
Twisted disease is one of the important diseases that can decrease shallot yield.The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effect of the interaction Trichoderma harzianum and nano silica on twisted disease and shallot yield. The research was conducted in Platar, Mangunjiwan, Demak and the Laboratory of Ecology and Plant Production, Faculty of Animal and Agriculture Science, Undip, on April – Agustus 2022. The experimental design used factorial completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was T. harzianum consisted of three levels (P0 = 0 (control), P1 = 10, and P2 = 20 g plant-1). The second factor was nano silica concentration with four levels (S0 = 0, S1 = 1000, S2 = 2000, and S3 = 3000 ppm). The results showed that application of T. harzianum 20 g plant-1 or nano silica 3000 ppm had the lowest disease intensity 2,74 % and 2,48 % observed at 20 days after planting and 11,81 % and 10,81 % observed at 40 DAP. Combination T. harzianum 20 g plant-1 and nano silica 3000 ppm resulted in the highest yield parameters which were tuber diameter (2,370 cm), number of tubers (6 tubers), tuber fresh weight (36,2 g), and tuber dry weight (28,7 g). Treatments of T. harzianum and nano silica did not significantly affect the infection rate and number of leaves, but application of T. harzianum 20 g plant-1 and nano silica 3000 ppm showed a decrease in twisted disease intensity and the highest shallot yield.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF(ID)References
Ahammed GJ, Yang Y. 2021. Mechanisms of silicon-induced fungal disease resistance in plants. J Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 165(1):200-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.031
Buysens C, César V, Ferrais F, de Boulois HD, Declerck S. 2016. Inoculation of Medicago sativa cover crop with Rhizophagus irregularis and Trichoderma harzianum increases the yield of subsequently-grown potato under low nutrient conditions. J Applied Soil Ecology. 105:137-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.04.011
BPS. 2022. Statistik Hortikultura 2021. Jakarta, Indonesia: Badan Pusat Statistik.
Deden D, Umiyati U. 2017. Pengaruh inokulasi Trichoderma sp. dan varietas bawang merah terhadap penyakit moler dan hasil tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L). J Kultivasi. 16(2):340-348. https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v16i2.12213
Elshahawy IE, Osman SA, Abd-El-Kareem F. 2021. Protective effects of silicon and silicate salts against white rot disease of onion and garlic, caused by Stromatinia cepivora. J Plant Pathology. 103(1):27-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-020-00685-1
Fadhilah S, Wiyono S, Surahman M. 2016. Pengembangan teknik deteksi Fusarium patogen pada umbi benih bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum) di laboratorium. J Hortikultura. 24(2):171-178. http://repository.pertanian.go.id/handle/123456789/842
Fauziah F, Wulansari R, Rezamela E. 2018. Pengaruh pemberian pupuk mikro Zn dan Cu serta pupuk tanah terhadap perkembangan Empoasca sp. pada areal tanaman teh. J Agrikultura. 29(1):26-34. https://doi.org/10.24198/agrikultura.v29i1.16923
Fitriani, HP, Haryanti S. 2016. Pengaruh penggunaan pupuk nanosilika terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tomat (Solanum lycopersicum) var. Bulat. J Buletin Anatomi Dan Fisiologi. 24(1):34-41. https://doi.org/10.14710/baf.v24i1.11691
Fitriani ML, Wiyono S, Sinaga MS. 2019. Potensi kolonisasi mikoriza arbuskular dan cendawan endofit untuk pengendalian layu fusarium pada bawang merah. J Fitopatologi Indonesia. 15(6):228-238. https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.15.6.228-238
Fortunato AA, da Silva WL, Rodrigues FA. 2014. Phenylpropanoid pathway is potentiated by silicon in the roots of banana plants during the infection process of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. J Phytopathology. 104(6):597-603. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-07-13-0203-R
Hadiawati L, Suriadi A, Sugianti T, Zulhaedar F. 2020. Application of Trichoderma-enriched compost on shallot productivity and storability in East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. J Hortikultura. 30(1):57-64. https://doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v30n1.2020.p57-64
Hersanti H, Sudarjat S, Damayanti A. 2019. Kemampuan Bacillus subtilis dan Lysinibacillus sp. dalam silika nano dan serat karbon untuk menginduksi ketahanan bawang merah terhadap penyakit bercak ungu (Alternaria porri (Ell.) Cif). J Agrikultura. 30(1):8-16. https://doi.org/10.24198/agrikultura.v30i1.22698
Ilahiyyat I, Hersanti H, Djaya L, Hartati S, Faizal F. 2018. Ability of Trichoderma harzianum in the Formulation with Carbon Fiber and Silica Nano Particles to Control Damping Off (Sclerotium rolfsii) on Soybean Plants. J of Powder Technology and Advanced Functional Materials. 1(2):32-43. https://doi.org/10.29253/jptafm.v1i2.34
Lestiyani A, Wibowo A, Subandiyah S, Gambley C, Ito S, Harper S. 2014. Identification of Fusarium sp., the causal agent of twisted disease of shallot. In XXIX International Horticultural Congress on Horticulture: Sustaining Lives, Livelihoods and Landscapes. 1128: 155-160. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1128.22
Mulyana Y, Mariana M, Purnomo J. 2021. Study of Trichoderma spp. application on the incidence of moler disease and shallot's growth and yield. J Tropical Wetland Journal. 7(2):61-67. https://doi.org/10.20527/twj.v7i2.92
Nazirkar RB, Narale B, Durgude AG. 2017. Effect of sources and levels of silicon on soil properties, uptake, yield and quality of Kharif Onion. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Silicon in Agriculture. Bengaluru, India, 24–28 October 2017. p141-150.
Ngawit IK, Zubaidi A, Wangiyana W, Suliartini NWS. 2020. Usaha produksi bibit bawang merah melalui peningkatan ketahanan tanaman dari serangan hama dan infeksi penyakit Di Desa Taman Ayu Lombok Barat. J Siar Ilmuwan Tani. 1(1):47-57. https://doi.org/10.29303/jsit.v1i1.12
Prakoso EB, Wiyatingsih S, Nirwanto H. 2017. Uji ketahanan berbagai kultivar bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum) terhadap infeksi penyakit moler (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae). J Berkala Ilmiah Agroteknologi-Plumula. 5(1):10-20
Putri FM, Suedy SWA, Darmanti S. 2017. Pengaruh pupuk nanosilika terhadap jumlah stomata, kandungan klorofil dan pertumbuhan padi hitam (Oryza sativa L. cv. japonica). J Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi. 2(1):72-79. https://doi.org/10.14710/baf.2.1.2017.72-79
Rahmadani S, Salamiah, Rosa HO. 2021. Pengujian dua belas isolat Trichoderma sp. asal lahan rawa pasang surut untuk menghambat Fusarium oxysporum penyebab penyakit moler pada tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.). J Proteksi Tanaman Tropika. 4(2):330-336. https://doi.org/10.20527/jptt.v4i2.765
Ramadhina A, Lisnawita L, Lubis L. 2013. Penggunaan jamur antagonis Trichoderma sp. dan Gliocladium sp. untuk mengendalikan penyakit layu fusarium pada tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.). J Agroekoteknologi Universitas Sumatera Utara. 1(3):702-710. https://doi.org/10.32734/jaet.v1i3.2997
Rangwala T, Bafna A, Vyas N, Gupta R. 2019. Beneficial role of soluble silica in enhancing chlorophyll content in onion leaves. J Current Agriculture Research Journal. 7(3):1-10. https://doi.org/10.12944/CARJ.7.3.12
Rusita I, Sasongko H. 2020. Effectivity of Trichoderma harzianum as bio-fungicide against moler disease and bio-stimulator of shallot growth. J of Agri-Food Science and Technology. 1(1):12-17. https://doi.org/10.12928/jafost.v1i1.1941
Singh G, Tiwari A, Gupta A, Kumar A, Hariprasad P, Sharma S. 2021. Bioformulation development via valorizing silica-rich spent mushroom substrate with Trichoderma asperellum for plant nutrient and disease management. J of Environmental Management. 297:1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113278
Singkoh M, Katili DY. 2019. Bahaya pestisida sintetik (sosialisasi dan pelatihan bagi wanita kaum ibu desa Koka Kecamatan Tombulu Kabupaten Minahasa. J Perempuan dan Anak Indonesia. 1(1):5-12. https://doi.org/10.35801/jpai.1.1.2019.24973
Sugiarto R, Kristanto BA, Lukiwati DR. 2018. Respon pertumbuhan dan produksi padi beras merah (Oryza nivara) terhadap cekaman kekeringan pada fase pertumbuhan berbeda dan pemupukan nanosilika. J AgroComplex. 2(2):169-179. https://doi.org/10.14710/joac.2.2.169-179
Suharti WS, Bahtiar J, Kharisun K. 2021. Pengaruh ragam sumber silika terhadap pertumbuhan dan ketahanan tanaman padi terinfeksi Rhizoctonia solani. J Pertanian Terpadu. 9(1):26-39. https://doi.org/10.36084/jpt..v9i1.297
Sun S, Yang Z, Song Z, Wang N, Guo N, Niu J, Chen S. 2022. Silicon enhances plant resistance to Fusarium wilt by promoting antioxidant potential and photosynthetic capacity in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). J Front. Plant Sci. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1011859
Sutarman S, Prahasti T. 2022. Uji keragaan trichoderma sebagai pupuk hayati dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman bawang merah. J Agrotek Tropika. 10(3):421-428. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jat.v10i3.5737
Theresia V, Fariyanti A, Tinaprilla N. 2016. Analisis persepsi petani terhadap penggunaan benih bawang merah lokal dan impor di Kabupaten Cirebon, Jawa Barat. J Penyuluhan. 12(1):74-88. https://doi.org/10.25015/penyuluhan.v12i1.11324
Vos CMF, De Cremer K, Cammue BPA, Connick B. 2015. The toolbox of Trichoderma spp. in the biocontrol of botrys cinerea disease. Mol. J Plant Pathology. 16(1):400-412. https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12189
Wartono H, Safitri N, Djaya L, Sianipar MS. 2020. Kemampuan Bacillus subtilis dan Trichoderma harzianum dalam campuran serat karbon dan silika nano untuk meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman padi terhadap penyakit blas (Pyricularia oryzae). J Agrikultura. 31(3):182-192. https://doi.org/10.24198/agrikultura.v31i3.29483
Wati VR, Yafizham Y, Fuskhah E. 2020. Pengaruh solarisasi tanah dan pemberian dosis Trichoderma harzianum dalam pengendalian penyakit layu fusarium pada cabai (Capsicum annum L.). J of Agro Complex. 4(1):40-49. https://doi.org/10.14710/joac.4.1.40-49
Yudha M, Soesanto L, Mugiastuti E. 2016. Pemanfaatan empat isolat Trichoderma sp. untuk mengendalikan penyakit akar gada pada tanaman caisin. J Kultivasi. 15(3):143-149. https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v15i3.11771
