Tanggapan Morfologis dan Fisiologis Jagung Varietas Lokal Tambin terhadap Berbagai Pupuk Organik

Muji Rahayu, Djoko Purnomo, Andriyana Setyawati, Edi Purwanto, Amalia Tetrani Sakya, Samanhudi Samanhudi, Ahmad Yunus, Gani Cahyo Handoyo, Retna Bandriyati Arniputri, Satya Primasasta Zulhivan

Abstract

Food crops of local varieties are solutions to realize national food security. To boost the production of local corn varieties, various organic fertilizer is promising to develop. This research aimed to study the morphological and physiological response of local variety corn Tambin. The research used a completely randomized design (CRD) one factor with seven treatments: various fertilizers. Various fertilizers consist of no organic fertilizer, liquid organic, compost, cow manure, rabbit urine, chicken manure, and goat manure. The results showed that the application of various organic fertilizers did not affect morphological characters of the local variety of corn Tambin. In This study, the application of various organic fertilizers did not affect the morphological character of corn, including the height of the plant, the number of leaves, the diameter of the stem, the length of the leaves, and the angle of Tambin corn leaves. Application of cow manure, compost, chicken manure, and goat manure could increase the leaf area aged 3 WAP (week after planting) by 716.13 - 1086.52 g per plant. In physiological character, the application of various organic fertilizers could not increase the net assimilation rate, relative growth rate, chlorophyll content, and the specific leave weight. The application of all organic fertilizers, except liquid organic fertilizer, increased the dry weight of plants at the time of harvest by 2.97 – 36.81 g.

Keywords

cow manure; compost; chicken manure; goat manure; Zea mays

Full Text:

PDF(ID)

References

Adijaya IN, Yasa IMR. 2014. Pengaruh pupuk organik terhadap sifat tanah, pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung.. Dalam: Yasin M, Noor A, Galib R, Suryana, Rohaeni ES, Hasbianto A. Agro inovasi mendukung pertanian industrial unggul berkelanjutan berbasis sumber daya lokal. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Inovasi Teknologi Pertanian Spesifik Lokasi; 6-7 Agustus 2014 Banjarbaru (ID): BPTP Kalsel. pp. 299–310.

Aditiameri A. 2016. Respon pemberian macam pupuk organik dan dosis pupuk daun terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.). AGRISIA J Ilmu Ilmu Pertan. 8(2):113–127.

Adviany I, Maulana DD. 2019. Pengaruh pupuk organik dan jarak tanam terhadap C-organik, populasi jamur tanah dan bobot kering akar serta hasil padi sawah pada inceptisols Jatinangor, Sumedang. Agrotechnology Res J. 3(1):28-35. https://dx.doi.org/10.20961/agrotechresj.v3i1.30382.

Amzeri A. 2009. Penampilan lima kultivar jagung Madura. Agrovigor 2(1): 23-30.

Amzeri A. 2018. Tinjauan perkembangan pertanian jagung di madura dan alternatif pengolahan menjadi biomaterial. Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa. 11(1): 74-86. https://doi.org/10.21107/rekayasa.v11i1.4127.

Arifin Z, Fatmawati. 2011. Pemurnian dan pengembangan jagung varietas manding, talango dan guluk-guluk di Kabupaten Sumenep. Dalam: Prosiding Seminar Nasional Serealia 2011. Bogor (ID): Balitbang Serealia, Litbang Pertanian Permentan RI .103-112

Asrori H, Siswadi, Sumarmi. 2019. Kajian macam pupuk kandang terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tiga varietas kedelai. J Inov Pertan. 21(1):14–21.

Baharuddin R. 2016. Respon pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai (Capsicum annum L.) terhadap pengurangan dosis NPK 16: 16: 16 dengan pemberian pupuk organik. J Din Pertan. 32(2):115–124.

Dinariani, Heddy YBS, Guritno B. 2010. Kajian penambahan pupuk kandang kambing dan kerapatan tanaman yang berbeda pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt). J Prod Tanam. 2(2):128–136.

Ekamaida. 2016. Pengaruh penambahan natrium benzoat dan lama penyimpanan pada PH sari buah tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.). J Agrium. 13(1):24–26.

El-Shafey AI, El-Hawary MM. 2016. Integrated effect of bio-organic and/or nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). Zagazig J Agric Res. 43(4):1105–1119. https://doi.org/10.21608/zjar.2016.100480.

Fitriasari C, Rahmayuni E. 2017. Efektivitas pemberian urin kelinci untuk mengurangi dosis pupuk anorganik pada budidaya putren jagung manis. J Agrosains Teknologi 2(2): 141-156.

Gomez AK, Gomez AA. 1995. Prosedur statistik untuk penelitian pertanian. Penerjemah Sjamsudin E, Baharsjah JS. Jakarta (ID): UI Press. 698p.

Imas S, Damhuri, Munir A. 2017. Pengaruh pemberian pupuk kompos terhadap produktivitas tanaman cabai merah (Capsicum annuum L.). J Ampibi. 2(1):57–64.

Islam MS, Hasanuzzaman M, Rokonuzzaman M, Nahar K. 2009. Effect of split application of nitrogen fertilizer on morphophysiological parameters of rice genotypes. Int J Plant Prod. 3(1): 51-62.

Klau P, Sio S, Bani PW. 2019. Aplikasi pupuk Bokashi padat berbahan dasar feses babi dengan level berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sengon laut (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen). J Anim Sci. 4(2):15–17. https://doi.org/10.32938/ja.v4i2.644.

Krisnadhi JD, Yurlisa K, Sudiarso. 2020. Pengaruh pemberian Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) dan dosis pupuk kandang kambing terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung manis (Zea mays L . var . Saccharata). J Prod Tanam. 8(2):234–240.

Leki W, Lelang MA, Taolin RICO. 2016. Pengaruh takaran pupuk kandang sapi terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung (Zea mays L.) yang ditumpangsarikan dengan kedelai (Glysine max (L.) Merril). Savana Cendana. 1(1):17–23. https://doi.org/10.32938/sc.v1i01.4.

Lesilolo MK. 2012. Studi pemupukan fosfat terhadap viabilitas dan vigor benih jagung (Zea mays L.) varietas hulaliu. Agrologia. 1(2):119–125. https://doi.org/10.30598/a.v1i2.287.

Lin Y, Watts DB, Kloepper JW, Torbert HA. 2018. Influence of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria on corn growth under different fertility sources. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal. 49(10):1239–1255. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2018.1457155.

Liu CW, Sung Y, Chen BC, Lai HY. 2014. Effects of nitrogen fertilizers on the growth and nitrate content of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 11(4):4427–4440. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110404427.

Manolikaki I, Diamadopoulos E. 2019. Positive effects of biochar and biochar-compost on maize growth and nutrient availability in two agricultural soils. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal. 50(5):512–526. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2019.1566468.

Marschner H. 2012. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. 3rd Editions. London (GB): Academic Press.

Naeem MA, Khalid M, Aon M, Abbas G, Amjad M, Murtaza B, Khan W, Ahmad N. 2018. Combined application of biochar with compost and fertilizer improves soil properties and grain yield of maize. J Plant Nutr. 41(1):112–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2017.1381734.

Ningsih ND, Marlina N, Hawayanti E. 2015. Pengaruh jenis pupuk organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi beberapa varietas jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt). Klorofil. 10(2):93–100.

Nurcahya AO, Herlina N, Guritno B. 2017. Pengaruh macam pupuk organik dan waktu aplikasi terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt). J Prod Tanam 5(9):1476–1482.

Oviyanti F, Syarifah, Hidayah N. 2016. Pengaruh pemberian pupuk organik cair daun gamal (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp.) terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sawi (Brassica juncea L.). J Biota. 2(1):61–67.

Puspadewi S, Sutari W, Kusumiyati K. 2016. Pengaruh konsentrasi pupuk organik cair (POC) dan dosis pupuk N, P, K terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis (Zea mays L. var Rugosa Bonaf) kultivar talenta. J Kultivasi. 15(3):208–216. https://doi.org/10.24198/kltv.v15i3.11764.

Putra AD, Damanik MM B, Hanum H. 2015. Aplikasi pupuk urea dan pupuk kandang kambing untuk meningkatkan n-total pada tanah Inceptisol Kwala Bekala dan kaitannya terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman jagung. J Online Agrotek 3(2337):128–135.

Rahmi A, Jumiati D. 2007. Pengaruh konsentrasi dan waktu penyemprotan pupuk organik cair super ACI terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung manis. J Agritop. 26(3):105–109.

Rahmi S, Prajitno D, Indradewa D. 2016. Pengaruh komposisi pupuk kandang dan kompos terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil kangkung (Ipomea reptans) akuaponik. J Teknologi Lingkungan. 17(2):108–117. https://doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v17i2.111.

Rasool S, Kanth R, Hamid S, Raja W, Alie B, Dar Z. 2015. Influence of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) under temperate conditions of Kashmir Valley. Am J Exp Agric. 7(5):315–325.

Safitri MD, Hendarto K, Hidayat KF, Sunyoto. 2017. Pengaruh dosis pupuk kandang kambing dan pupuk hayati terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung (Zea mays L.). J Agrotek Trop. 5 (2): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jat.v5i2.1830.

Santosa E. 2012. Rice organic farming is a programme for strengtenning food security in sustainable rural development. Int J Basic Appl Sci. 1:1–6.

Sari RMP, Maghfoer MD, Koesriharti. 2016. Pengaruh frekuensi penyiraman dan dosis pupuk kandang ayam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman pakchoy (Brassica rapa L. var. chinensis. J Prod Tanam. 4(5):342–351.

Silalahi MJ, Rumambi A, Telleng MM, Kaunang WB. 2018. Pengaruh pemberian pupuk kandang ayam terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sorgum sebagai pakan. Zootec 38(2):286–295. https://doi.org/10.35792/zot.38.2.2018.19909.

Sinuraya BA, Melati M. 2019. Pengujian berbagai dosis pupuk kandang kambing untuk pertumbuhan dan produksi jagung manis organik (Zea mays var. Saccharata Sturt). Bul Agrohorti. 7(1):47–52. https://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.v7i1.24407.

Sitompul S.M. 2016 Analisis pertumbuhan tanaman. Malang (ID): UB Press.

Suhardjo, Lestari, IE. 2006. Pengkajian pengaruh beberapa varietas jagung terhadap mutu tortila. Malang (ID): Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Jawa Timur

Song AN, Banyo Y. 2011. Konsentrasi klorofil daun sebagai indikator kekurangan air pada tanaman. J Ilm Sains. 11(2):166-173. https://doi.org/10.35799/jis.11.2.2011.202.

Syafruddin S, Nurhayati N, Wati R. 2012. Pengaruh jenis pupuk terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil beberapa varietas jagung manis. J Floratek. 7(1):107–114.

Syah MJA, Santoso PJ, Usman F, Purnama T. 2003. Hubungan laju pertumbuhan dengan saat berbunga untuk seleksi kegenjahan tanaman pepaya. J Hortik. 13(3):182-189.

Widyaswari E, Santosa M, Maghfoer MD. 2017. Analisis pertumbuhan dua varietas tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) pada berbagai perlakuan pemupukan. Biotropika J Biotropika. 5(3):73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.biotropika.2017.005.03.2.

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.