Karakter Perakaran Sejumlah Varietas Kopi Arabika pada Fase Bibit di Pesemaian

Ari Wibowo

Abstract

Roots represent the fundamental structure and material transport systems in plants. These important organs are used to study the adaptation processes in the environment. During the nursery stage, root evaluation serves as determining the seedling quality before transplant. This research aims to ascertain the root characteristics of several Arabica coffee varieties for a suitably vigorous root nursery system. Kaliwining Experimental Garden, Jember, Indonesia, served as the research location. The method used was a completely randomized design with a single factor, including arabica coffee varieties (Abesinia-3, Andungsari-1, BLP-4, Gayo-1, K-08, K-29, K-34, K-79, K-130, Kartika-1, Kayumas and Sigararutang). The result showed that the differences in the various sample factors significantly influenced the root properties. In addition, the entire observation parameters demonstrated a positive correlation except for the root and shoot ratio. Furthermore, BLP-4 v obtained the maximum values for plant height, stem diameter, fresh dry weight of taproot, and root biomass, while Gayo-1 variety observed the greatest number of leaves. Also, the Sigararutang variety indicated the highest value of the fresh and dry weight of shoot, fresh weight of lateral roots, and root length, while Kayumas and K-34 varieties acquired the lowest values of plant height, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, as well as root length. Therefore, BLP-4, Gayo-1, and Sigararutang varieties exhibited the potentials of broader adaptability.

Keywords

Morphological Aspect; Plant Biomass; Vigorous Variety

Full Text:

PDF(ID)

References

Anasari NR, Kendarini N, Purnamaningsih SL. 2017. Interaksi genotip x lingkungan pada empat genotip pakchoy (Brassica rapa L.) di tiga lokasi. J Prod Tan. 5(1):54-60.

Andarini YN, Afza H, Herlina L, Sutoro. 2017. Evaluasi plasma nutfah padi gogo berdasarkan karakter kuantitatif perakaran tanaman. Bul Plasma Nutfah. 23(1):33-40. https://dx.doi.org/10.21082/blpn.v23n1.2017.p33-40.

Betegon-Putze I, Gonzalez A, Sevillano X, Blasco-Escamez D, Cano-Delgado AI. 2019. MyROOT: a method and software for the semiautomatic measurement of primary root length in Arabidopsis seedlings. Plant J. 98(6):1145–1156. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14297.

Dahlan Z, Sarno S, Barokah A. 2009. Model Arsitektur Akar Lateral dan Akar Tunjang Bakau (Rhizophora apiculata Blume.). J Penelit Sains. 12(2):1–6.

Da Rosa SDVF, McDonald MB, Veiga AD, Vilela F de L, Ferreira IA. 2010. Staging coffee seedling growth: a rationale for shortening the coffee seed germination test. Seed Sci Technol. 38(2):421–431. https://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2010.38.2.15.

Defrenet E, Roupsard O, Van den Meersche K, Charbonnier F, Pastor Pérez-Molina J, Khac E, Prieto I, Stokes A, Roumet C, Rapidel B, et al. 2016. Root biomass, turnover and net primary productivity of a coffee agroforestry system in Costa Rica: effects of soil depth, shade trees, distance to row and coffee age. Ann Bot. 118(4):833–851. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw153.

Delory BM, Weidlich EWA, Meder L, Lütje A, Duijnen R, Weidlich R, Temperton VM. 2017. Accuracy and bias of methods used for root length measurements in functional root research. Börger L, editors. Methods Ecol Evol. 8(11):1594–1606. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12771.

Erdiansyah NP, Wachjar A, Sulistyono E, Supijatno S. 2019. Growth Response of Seedlings of Four Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre. Ex. A. Froehner) Clones to Drought Stress. Pelita Perkeb (Coffee Cocoa Res J). 35(1):1–11. https://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v35i1.344.

Gaiser T, Perkons U, Küpper PM, Kautz T, Uteau-Puschmann D, Ewert F, Enders A, Krauss G. 2013. Modeling biopore effects on root growth and biomass production on soils with pronounced sub-soil clay accumulation. Ecol Model. 256:6–15. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.02.016.

Gichimu BM, Cheserek JJ, Mushimiyamana D, King’oro MW. 2014. Effect of Different Watering Regimes on Agro-morphology of Selected Coffee Genotypes. Am J Exp Agric. 4(9):1016–1026. https://dx.doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2014/9187.

Himmelbauer ML, Loiskandl W, Kastanek F. 2004. Estimating length, average diameter and surface area of roots using two different image analyses systems. Plant Soil. 260(1/2):111–120. https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:PLSO.0000030171.28821.55.

Judd L, Jackson B, Fonteno W. 2015. Advancements in root growth measurement technologies and observation capabilities for container-grown plants. Plants. 4(3):369–392. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants4030369.

Kakanga CJR, Nio SA, Siahaan P. 2017. Rasio akar: tajuk tanaman padi lokal Sulawesi Utara yang mengalami cekaman banjir dan kekeringan pada fase vegetatif (Root: shoot ratio of North Sulawesi local rice under waterlogging and drought at the vegetative phase). J Bios Logos. 7(1):17–21. https://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jbl.7.1.2017.16208.

Komala CA, Kuwato E. 2008. Evaluasi kualitas bibit kemenyan durame (Styrax benzoin Dryland) umur 3 bulan. Info Hutan. 5(4):337–345.

Kufa T, Burkhardt J. 2013. Studies on root growth of Coffea arabica populations and its implication for sustainable management of natural forests. J Agric Crop Res. 1(1):1–9.

Lewu LD, Killa YM. 2020. Keragaman perakaran, tajuk serta korelasi terhadap hasil kedelai pada berbagai kombinasi interval penyiraman dan dosis bahan organik. Perbal J Pertan Berkelanjutan. 8(3):114–121.

Partelli FL, Cavalcanti AC, Menegardo C, Covre AM, Gontijo I, Braun H. 2020. Spatial distribution of the root system of Conilon and Arabica coffee plants. Pesqui Agropecuária Bras. 55:1–9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2020.v55.01333.

Parwata IGMA, Santoso BB, Soemeinaboedhy IN. 2017. Pertumbuhan dan distribusi akar tanaman muda beberapa genotipe unggul jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.). J Sains Teknol Lingkung. 3(2):9-17. https://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jstl.v3i2.24.

Plecher H. 2020. Average prices for Arabica and robusta coffee worldwide from 2014 to 2025. Statista; [Diakses 15 Oktober 2020]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/675807/average-prices-arabica-and-robusta-coffee-worldwide/.

Rodriguez WDM, Pego Evangelista AW, Junior JA, Honorato MV. 2017. Growing of coffee seedlings on different substrates and fertilized with lithothamium. Rev Fac Nac Agron. 70(2):8177–8182. https://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rfna.v70n2.64522.

Sakai E, Barbosa EAA, Silveira JMC, Pires RCM. 2015. Coffee productivity and root system in cultivation schemes with different population arrangements and with and without drip irrigation. Agric Water Manag. 148:16-23. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.08.020.

Silva EA, Silva SHG, Oliveira GC, Carducci CE. 2016. Root spatial distribution in coffee plants of different ages under conservation management system. Afr J Agric Res. 11(49):4970-4978. https://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2016.11356.

Silveira HR de O, Santos MDO, Alves JD, Souza KRD de, Andrade CA, Alves RGM. 2014. Growth effects of water excess on coffee seedlings (Coffea arabica L.). Acta Sci Agron. 36(2):211–218. https://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v36i2.17557.

Sugiyono. 2011. Metodologi penelitian kuantitatif kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung (ID): Alfabeta.

Syahadat RM, Aziz SA. 2013. Hubungan jumlah bunga, jumlah daun, jumlah anak daun, jumlah cabang, dan tinggi tanaman terhadap pertumbuhan bibit tanaman kemuning (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack). J Lanskap Indones. 5(1):23–25.

Torey PC, Song Ai N, Siahaan P, Mambu SM. 2013. Karakter morfologi akar sebagai indikator kekurangan air pada padi lokal Superwin. J Bios Logos 3(2):57-64.

Vicente MR, Mantovani EC, Fernandes ALT, Neves JCL, Figueredo EM, Delazari FT. 2017. Spacial distribution of fertigated coffee root system. Ciencia e Agrotecnologia 41(1):72-80. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542016411021316.

Wibowo A. 2019. Potensi dan tantangan kopi di era milenial. War Pus Penelit Kopi Kakao Indones. 31(2):16–23.

Wintgens JN, editor. 2004. Coffee: growing, processing, sustainable production. A guidebook for growers, processors, traders, and researchers. Jerman: WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

Zakariyya F. 2017. Karakter morfologi perakaran beberapa semaian klon kakao asal biji. In: AGROPROSS National Conference Proceedings of Agriculture. Jember (ID): Jurusan Produksi Pertanian, Politeknik Negeri Jember.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/agrotechresj.v5i1.44868

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.