Effect of Pruning and Application of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Antracnose Disease and Yield of Red Chili

Ghilman Ainnudin; Eny Fuskhah; A’isyah Surya Bintang

doi:10.20961/agrotechresj.v9i2.102552

Effect of Pruning and Application of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Antracnose Disease and Yield of Red Chili

Ghilman Ainnudin, Eny Fuskhah, A’isyah Surya Bintang

Abstract

Red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is a widely consumed, high-value horticultural crop in Indonesia, but its national productivity remains low at 9.59 tons.ha^-1, far below its potential due to factors such as disease, limited land, poor soil fertility, and suboptimal cultivation, highlighting the need for improved farming practices. Pruning can be implemented to promote branching and direct photosynthate to productive parts of the plant. The application of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) also presents a promising solution, as these microbes enhance nutrient uptake efficiency, stimulate plant growth through hormone production, and suppress pathogens such as the anthracnose-causing agent through antagonistic mechanisms and induced systemic resistance (ISR). Based on the research results, the combination of apical+water shoot pruning (P3) with the application of PGPR at 27.5 mL.L^-1 (B3) significantly enhanced vegetative growth (plant height, number of leaves), accelerated flowering (39 days after planting), and increased fruit production (15 fruits per plant; 247.7 g per plant) in red chili variety HPT 1730, although the results remained below genetic potential due to environmental factors and anthracnose infection. The PGPR 27.5 mL.L^-1 treatment also increased phenol content (3.10 mg.g^-1) and stomatal opening (71.30%), but was not yet effective in significantly suppressing anthracnose incidence.

Keywords

Anthracnose disease; Capsicum annuum; Growth and yield; PGPR; Pruning combinations

Full Text:

PDF(EN)

References

Adiyatama MD, Mariana M, Budi IS. 2023. Uji lapang aplikasi Trichoderma sp dan PGPR dalam menekan kejadian penyakit antraknosa pada cabai rawit Hiyung. J Prot Tanam Trop. 6(3):700–707. doi:10.20527/jptt.v6i3.2165.

Ali FY, Cahyaningrum DG. 2022. Efektifitas penggunaan pupuk hayati terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) pada tingkat naungan yang berbeda. Radikula J Ilmu Pertan. 1(2):61–69. doi:10.33379/radikula.v1i2.1872.

Andriyani FY, Nurchayati, Haryanti S. 2020. The effect of suren leaf extract (Toona sureni Merr.) on the production of cayenne pepper fruit attacked by anthracnose disease. J Trop Biol. 3(2):89–98.

Asra RH, Advinda L, Anhar A. 2024. The role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in sustainable agriculture. J Serambi Biol. 9(1):1–7. doi:10.24036/srmb.v9i1.306.

Azzahra SC, Effendy Y, Slamet. 2021. Isolasi dan karakterisasi bakteri pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) asal tanah Desa Akar-Akar, Lombok Utara. J Al-Azhar Indones Seri Sains dan Teknol. 6(2):70–75. doi:10.36722/sst.v6i2.662.

BPS-Statistics Indonesia. 2023. Statistic horticulture. Jakarta (ID): BPS-Statistics Indonesia.

Chozin AN, Amiroh A, Istiqomah I. 2020. Analysis testing of PGPR dosage and compost fertilizer to the growth and production of large red chili (Capsicum annuum L.). J Ilmu Pertan. 3(2):57–64. doi:10.52166/agroteknologi.v3i2.2021.

Habibi I, Wijayanto K. 2019. Efektivitas pengendalian penyakit antraknosa secara organik terhadap produksi tanaman cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) (kajian dalam polibag). J Ilm Hijau Cendekia. 4(2):60–69.

Hartati S, Puspasari LT, Suminar E, Meliansyah R. 2023. Introduction of disease in crystal guava plant (Psidium guajava L.) and its control in Mekar Jaya Village, Banjaran District, Bandung Regency. J Agrik Masy Tani. 1(1):28–35. doi:10.24198/agrimasta.v1i1.51096.

Husnihuda MI, Sarwitri R, Susilowati YE. 2017. Respon pertumbuhan dan hasil kubis bunga (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) pada pemberian PGPR akar bambu dan komposisi media tanam. J Ilmu Pertan Trop dan Subtrop. 2(1):13–16.

Ichwan BT, Novita, Eliyanti E, Masita E. 2021. Aplikasi berbagai jenis plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil cabai merah. J Media Pertan. 6(1):1–7. doi:10.33087/jagro.v6i1.111.

Jena SA, Agastya IMI. 2024. Penggunaan pupuk kompos dan PGPR terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) varietas Dewata 43 F1. J Ilm Hijau Cendekia. 9(2):107–114. doi:10.32503/hijau.v9i2.5303.

Kumar RA, Sharma, Bhardwaj R. 2020. Growth regulators and their role in improving plant growth under stress conditions. Plant Signal Behav. 15(1):1–12.

Kuswati K, Sa’diyah KR, Mudakir I, Pujiastuti P. 2023. Improvement of pakchoi (Brassica rapa L.) growth by enrichment of culture media with fermented bamboo root and coffee husk compost. J Ilmu-Ilmu Pertan. 21(2):146–153.

Laksono RA. 2018. Pengujian efektivitas tipe pemangkasan terhadap produksi tiga varietas semangka pada hidroponik sistem fertigasi (Drip Irrigation). Paspalum J Ilm Pertan. 6(2):103–113. doi:10.35138/paspalum.v6i2.93.

Manik AES, Melati M, Kurniawati A, Faridah DN. 2019. Yield and quality of red and green okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench.) with different types of fertilizer. J Agron Indones. 47(1):68–75. doi:10.24831/jai.v47i1.22295.

Muntazar M, Nurrachman. 2019. The effect of pruning and fertilizer concentrations of Gandapan Maxima on growth and yield of curly chili (Capsicum annuum L.). J Crop Agro. 12(2):122–131.

Mursiana M, Aidawati N, Adriani DE. 2021. The ability of the Pseudomonas fluorescens group to increase resistance to yellow curl virus infection and stimulate the growth of chili plants. J Enviro Scienteae. 17(3):47–60.

Novanursandy NB, Rachmawati D. 2023. Pengaruh osmopriming benih terhadap perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan tanaman cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) pada cekaman kekeringan. Biosci J Ilm Biol. 11(2):1001–1016. doi:10.33394/bioscientist.v11i2.8151.

Noviana DA, Koesriharti K, Murdiono WE. 2019. Effect of lateral branch pruning and NPK fertilizer dosage on cucumber plant yield (Cucumis sativus L.) Roberto variety. J Produksi Tanam. 7(12):1–10.

Pratama G V. 2023. Pengaruh pemberian abu tandan kosong kelapa sawit dan pemangkasan terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.). J Ilm Mhs Pertan. 3(5):521–536.

Rahman F, Marsuni Y, Liestiany E. 2022. Pengaruh cara pemberian PGPR terhadap kejadian penyakit antraknosa pada cabai di lahan basah. J Prot Tanam Trop. 5(1):414–419. doi:10.20527/jptt.v5i1.1029.

Rashid N, Park W, Selvaratnam T. 2018. Binary culture of microalgae as an integrated approach for enhanced biomass and metabolites productivity, wastewater treatment, and bioflocculation. Chemosphere. 194:67–75. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.108.

Sakoda K, Yamori W, Shimada T, Sugano SS, Hara-Nishimura I, Tanaka Y. 2020. Higher stomatal density improves photosynthetic induction and biomass production in Arabidopsis under fluctuating light. Front Plant Sci. 11:589603. doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.589603.

Simanjuntak GF. 2024. Effect of PGPR concentration from bamboo roots on the growth and yield of okra in Latosol soil. JIGA J Innov Green Agric. 1(1):1–21.

Sinaga JR, Hastuti BP, Hartati RM. 2024. Pengaruh pemangkasan dan konsentrasi plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tomat (Solanum lycopersicum syn.). J Agroforetech. 2(2):579–585.

Sucahyo A, Wijayanto B. 2018. Analisis penggunaan inokulan legin dan teknologi pangkas pucuk terhadap produktivitas kedelai. J Ilmu-ilmu Pertan. 25(1):1–12.

Sukmawati S, Numba S. 2018. The effect of pruning on the growth and production of varies of red chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). J Ilm Ilmu Pertan. 2(1):45–53. doi:10.33096/agrotek.v2i1.44.

Sulistyowati D. 2019. Fertilizer formulation effectiveness and pruning buds on the improvement to red chili yields (Capsicum annuum L.). J Agroekoteknologi dan Agribisnis. 3(1):19–29.

Tabriji, Sholihah SM, Meidiantie D. 2016. Pengaruh konsentrasi PGPR (plant growth promoting rhizobacterium) terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman selada (Lactuca sativa L.). J Ilm Respati. 7(1):595–599. doi:10.52643/jir.v7i1.232.

Wibisonya I. 2022. Analisis risiko harga cabai merah keriting di Kabupaten Cianjur Provinsi Jawa Barat. J Agribus Sci Rural Dev. 1(2):23–29. doi:10.32639/jasrd.v1i2.111.

Wijayanti KS. 2018. Utilization of rhizobacteria for controlling root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.). Bul Tanam Tembakau, Serat dan Miny Ind. 10(2):90–99. doi:10.21082/btsm.v10n2.2018.90-99.

Wilis R. 2023. Respon pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman cabai merah terhadap jarak tanam dan pemangkasan. J Agrida J Ilm Pertan. 3(1):1–10. doi:10.55616/agrida.v3i1.745.

Wiritania M, Muyassaroh IS, Septiarifianti BD, Al Syaiba FR, Kiano AS, Agustina E. 2024. Analisis kadar senyawa bioaktif ‘fenolik’ pada daun bayam hijau dengan metode ekstraksi maserasi dan uji kuantitatif menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. J Stud Multidisipliner. 8(12):761–769.

Yolanda AA, Badal B, Meriati M. 2021. The effect of properties on the growth and results of red chili (Capsicum annuum L.). J Mhs Pertan. 5(2):33–41.

Yulistiana E, Widowati H, Sutanto A. 2020. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) dari akar bambu apus (Gigantochloa apus) meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman. J Biolova. 1(1):1–6. doi:10.24127/biolova.v1i1.23.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/agrotechresj.v9i2.102552